How Did The Hyksos Affect Egypt

Ever since visiting Egypt, I have had a huge interest in knowing more about the country. It is the first of the great territorial states that arose from ashes of chaos. Like many other countries drought brought catastrophe to their growing society. What interest me the most about the Hyksos in the New Kingdom Egypt, is how they figured out how to master the art of making horse chariots. They thundered into battle with their war chariots with superior bronze axes and composite bows. They were able to easily defeat other lands and the pharaoh’s soldiers. I found that they were able to conquer most others by having the chariots. It was some kind of power through a horse driven machine. They did not want to destroy their new founded lands, but

Almost everyone has heard of the ancient civilization of Egypt. Most people generally know when and where the Egyptians lived, what their government was like, how they lived on a day to day basis, and what all they achieved in the many centuries that they flourished. This paper will go in depth on all of these categories.

The Hyksos were a benefactor upon who the Egyptians became in the emergence of the New Kingdom and the trends that began in this historical period as a result of the expulsion of the Hyksos. Hyksos influence resulted in the change of various aspects of Egyptian life; the economic, technological and political segments of Egypt. These changes also enabled multiple sectors of society to benefit from this change, such as the Cult of Amun, the military, and the roles of Queens and advisors to alter from which they were. With the expulsion of the Hyksos, the development into a New Kingdom of Egypt was shaped from the conflict with the Hyksos, enabling the borders of Egypt to expand with the knowledge gained from the occupation of the Hyksos.

At the end of the Middle Kingdom, the Hyksos people invaded Egypt. The Hyksos most likely migrated from Western Asia in Syria-Palestine, but have no clear origin where they are from. The Egyptians called these people hikau-khausut which means "ruler of the foreign countries”. The Hyksos were technologically advanced and because of that they had a strong military. The Egyptians had been isolated from the growing and progressing world by the deserts which surround the country. Because of this isolation, the Egyptians were unprepared for any attack and had a weaker military force. Instead of protecting themself they relied on their natural borders to shelter them from invasion. When the Hyksos invaded Egypt, they left a lasting impact on Egypt’s lifestyle by introducing the Egyptians to different trade methods, diversifying their economy, and exposed exposing them to new military techniques.

“The technology introduced by the Hyksos domination provided the Egyptians with the incentive and the means towards world expansion and so laid the foundations and to a great extent determined the character of the New Kingdom” (Bradley)

was a time of ‘expanding political strength’ and ‘broader economic horizons’[1]. Generally thought to be from approximately 2000 B.C. to 1780 B.C.,[2] it was during the Twelfth Dynasty that Egyptians opened a wide trade amongst other countries, improved agricultural systems, fortified and expanded Egyptian borders with a strong military reputation, and explore the arts and literature to a depth which Egyptians had not previously. The Middle Kingdom has little weaknesses, but these did not prevent its gradual downfall.

The Egyptians were not far behind the Sumerians in settling down to civilization and Empire. Like Rome they had a strong central government, a military structure, trade, a state religion and a civic structure. Rome was, however, superior to Egypt as well. Governmentally, the Pharaoh was an absolute ruler, as the Roman Emperor, but the Roman system was not reliant on a bloodline as was the Egyptian system, and was hence more likely to remain stable for long periods of time. The heir being intellectually picked and groomed greatly reducing the problems associated with hereditary rule. Militarily, Egypt was often strong enough to fight off invasion, but although they did project power, they did not conquer lands to expand their empire. Rome expanded their lands and grew more powerful, where the Egyptians seemed content with Egypt. Rome's policy of expansion helped fuel their trade routes and economy, boosting them past Egypt's limiting boarders. Egypt had a good infrastructure, largely an agrarian system of roads and irrigation, but it was nothing in comparison to the

These changes came about after the foreign domination by the Hyksos. The Egyptians lacked a respected and powerful army as they relied on primitive weapons and tactics. The army was divided into north and south. These large bodies were further divided under the leadership of the officers and captains. These positions were filled by the king with the help of the appointed commander-in-chief.

After Alexander the Great conquest of Egypt in 332 BC, Egypt was ruled for the following three centuries by the foreign Greek dynasty of the Ptolemies. Although Egypt was subjugated by Alexander in 332 BC it wasn’t actually until 305 BC that the Ptolemaic dynasty was officially established. Ptolemaic Egypt would have been considered one of the two greatest powers in the Hellenic East. However, there is evidence that shows that the first troubles that Ptolemaic Egypt had to face actually originated from Egypt itself. These troubles were formed largely due to the ethnic tension that had formed with the native Egyptians and the immigrated Greeks. There was a third community of people present in Ptolemaic Egypt at this time, these people being that of the Jewish faith (find better way to introduce this shit). It is the hope of this essay to prove through analyse of literary texts, papyri, and administrative decrees documented during the reign of the Ptolemaic dynasty that the tension between these two groups was extremely strong. This can be attributed to a fusion of the Greeks disdain for the native Egyptians and the Egyptians resentment of the Greeks due to the ill treatment they receive from them.

During 17th and 18th centuries, Egypt suffered an economic decline under the Ottoman Empire. In 1798, when Napoleon Bonaparte landed on Egypt he hoped that if he occupied Egypt British links with India would be disrupted.

period also reflects the change in outlook upon the Pharaoh as there were many manuscripts on how to rule properly, or to defend Egypt properly from the “scary’ outside world. The New Kingdom marks a stark change in view of the outside world. Egyptians begin to become influenced by the other civilizations and enter an era of Imperial expansion. Constant warfare changed Egyptian society leading to greater disparities of wealth and the creation of a strong military class. New wealth was acquired through warfare and the acquisition of lands. However, lots of spending on war and the military, and spending on extravagance by the Pharaohs led to the downfall of the New kingdom. Religion underwent some changes during the New Kingdom, especially

The first and most critical element to analyze is the interaction between Egypt, Nubia, and how the two cultures ultimately influenced each other. Despite Egyptologists of the past characterizing Egypt as a sophisticated core with the inferior Nubian periphery (Smith and Buzon 188), the archaeological record and what the author gleans from it is superior as a hypothesis. What is evident is that Egypt was obviously dominant initially during the New Kingdom period due to having military and colonial control over Nubia – and through this military dominance, conformation to Egyptian culture was rewarded by less violence. This is demonstrated by the author through a study of head and defensive wounds, with the results demonstrating lower rates of violence at the more Egyptianized Tombos compared to surrounding, earlier Nubian cities (197-199). The existence of violence is indicative of a degree of resistance to Egyptian colonialism, nulling the argument that a ‘sophisticated’ Egyptian culture was

Every time there was a war, prisoners were enslaved. Slaves were common in Egypt. However, slaves in Egypt had many more rights than slaves in other areas; they could own property, get married, and win their freedom. The Egyptians also advanced in their technology. They invented a writing system called hieroglyphics, mummification, pyramids, and more. Egypt was a fascinating place with many cultural and natural features that allowed Egyptians to cooperate, interact with, and make use of their environment.

Nineteenth century Egypt held a pivotal stance in European politics and sparked high interest in the Great European Powers. A dynasty of slave soldiers referred to as the Mamluks were of the earliest rulers of Egypt. The French, Ottomans, and British all affirmed their intent on seizing the country’s bustling city capital of Cairo, with some conquests being more successful than others. France and Britain stood as worthy leaders, but it was the basic political, social, and economical foundations created by the Ottomans that most influenced nineteenth-century Egypt. Nevertheless, each of these world powers played a significant role in modernizing Egypt and shaping the course of its history.

The Mysterious Hyksos or “Shepherd Kings” of ancient Egypt have long presented scholars with one of the greatest puzzles of history. Being foreigners and not Egyptian, they invaded the country, then reigned in that Land of the Nile as Pharaohs (Gibson, 2010).