Horse Primates Compare And Contrast

A few weeks ago, I spent a lovely Monday afternoon observing two different primates at the Santa Ana Zoo. I got to the zoo around two in the afternoon, and to my surprise, the zoo was decently crowded. The Santa Ana Zoo is smaller in comparison to other zoos like the Los Angeles Zoo, but still had a decent amount of animals there. Covering a small 20 acres of land, I came across two primates that fit perfectly for the purposes of this course project. I chose to observe an endangered ape, the white-handed gibbon, and an endangered new world monkey, the golden-headed lion tamarin.

The digestive system of the horse consists of a simple stomach, small intestines, cecum, large and small colons, rectum and anus. The horse 's stomach is comparatively small for its size. The stomach of an average horse has a holding capacity of about two gallons. This may be the reason horses eat small but frequent meals. From the stomach food moves to the small intestine, which is the main site of digestion. The small intestine empties into the cecum. The cecum; along with the large colon; make up the large intestine. Digestion in the large intestine occurs by action of bacteria and protozoa. (arg.gov.sk.ca)

For this assignment, I have decided to design an enclosure about the primate, Mandrill. I will, in words, describe an enclosure that will prevent these nonhuman primates from not being suited to their natural habitat needs. Throughout this assignment, I will design my very own version of a perfect enclosure that secures these primates by critically thinking of any psychological or physical problems that can occur. What also will need to partake is considering the perspective of the nonhuman primates, the zookeepers, and the visitors as well. Designing an enclosure has to be precise and detailed. I will do the best I can to be as detailed as I can be when designing this enclosure.

The horse (Equus ferus caballus)[2][3] is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus. It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior.

There are many differences between rodent and human skulls. These are mostly from the difference in shape and size to fit their lifestyles for them to survive. One example could be with the shape of the noses. In a rodent skull the whole nose is made up of mostly bone because they are longer due to the shape of their face. Whereas a human’s nose is made up of cartilage and the nasal bone because ours are smaller and not used in the same way theirs are. Theirs are used more for finding food in small spaces or smelling out danger, we don’t use ours to found food or smell for danger like rodents do. Another difference in the skulls is the size of their mouths. The nose bone for a rodent is also long because of the the teeth needed to eat.

Within the world of primates, the family Hominidae includes the primates known as the great apes. These primates, are then broken down into two subfamilies. One subfamily contains the primates chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and humans, while the other subfamily, Ponginae, only contains the species Pongo, commonly known as the orangutan. Orangutans, although closely related to the other great apes, represent a lot of extremes in biological parameters (Campbell, C. J., 2011). One of the most drastic extremes is that orangutans are the largest primary arboreal mammal in the world. This is a result of special evolutionary adaptations that allow these primates to mechanically function in an arboreal lifestyle. Unlike the other great apes,

Primates are one of the most interesting mammals on earth, not only because of their complex social structures, but because they hold so many similar characteristics to humans. Primates are often cited as our closest living relatives and on two separate occasions I observed four separate species of primates at the San Diego Zoo that can justify their use of their physical characteristics and behaviors that may be similar as well as different to the other primates and ours.

Non human primates’ social organization can provide useful information how human social evolution occurs. We will go over main points of how similar and different non human primates such as chimpanzees, orangutans, and gorillas’ society are compared to ours, humans.

Primates have some features that support them for the arboreal life. First, primates have developed grasping extremities with the divergent hallux and nails instead of claws. These features help them grasping branches better. Second, primates have enhanced vision with the optic convergence, which helps them look straightforward. They also have postorbital bar to protect the eyes. Third, primates reduced the olfaction that is not useful for arboreal life. Fourth, comparing to the other mammals, primates have large brain consider to the body size. The large brain helps them to process the complicating reactions, and thinking. Haplorrhines primates have some unique derived traits: the loss of tapetum lucidum, which enhances the vision in the darkness; and haplorhini, which is dry external nose. The anthropoid primates have developed some derived traits. They have postorbital bar with closure, and this makes a complete bony ring surrounds the eyes. They also have fused mandibular symphysis. The Platyrrhines have the dental formula 2.1.3.3/2.1.3.3. The Catarrhines have dental formula 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3. The Cercopithecoids have the bilophodont molars to enhance the chewing ability. The hominoids are the most developed primates, which have some derived unique traits. They have larger brain, loss of tail, longer arms than legs, broad thorax with more muscles, and highly mobile shoulder.

Figure 6 shows a selection of mammalian skulls. The primate skulls are the two on the right and as you can see, they have relatively short snouts. Obviously there is a huge amount of variation in gross skull shape across the mammalian class, but certainly, on average, primate skulls tend to be short. Elaboration of the visual apparatus, with the development of varying degrees of binocular vision. Orbits ringed with bone. Figure 6 also shows the characteristic morphology of the primate orbit. The eyes face forward for binoccular region, the eyes tend to be quite large, and the orbit is either a fully enclosed cup (as in the chimp in figure 6) or a lateral post-orbital bar (as in the aye-aye). In most other mammals (for example the bear and kangaroo), the eye is simply plastered onto the side of the skull and held in place by soft tissue.

The digestive system of a hippopotamus is similar to other hooved animals. Their mouth and lips can be about 2 feet wide at its lip. Their lips are about 70 cm long and that helps the hippos clip the grass and other food sources they get from the floor and grind their food up into a pulp and it helps them swallow their food much easier. Since plant matter for most ruminants is harder to eat and digest, ruminants have to regurgitate these leaves and grasses again. Hippos don’t ruminate but enjoy the advantages of it. Hippos are sometimes called pseudo ruminants. Hippos don’t regurgitate so the pulp is ineffective compared to other animals that graze. The food travels down through the esophagus like it does for almost every other mammals or

Did you know horses and zebras are diffrent? They have a lot of similarities too. They have diffrent traits, diets, and habitats ; they have similarities in those catagories also. This text will proof it.

Horses are incredible creatures that have shaped history around the globe. There are over 150 different breeds of horses that have countless skills. Between their extraordinary intelligence and obedience, horses have worked at the mercy of humans for many different reasons. Their expertise ranges from being one of the fastest modes of transportation on land, to helping fight in wars, herd cattle and even serve as a source of recreation or sport (Duren). Horses have been present throughout all of history up until present day specifically in religions or cultures, war, and their uses in modern times.

What makes a primate a primate? A primate is defined by its many incredible features. A primate is a mammal that has certain characteristics such as: flexible fingers and toes, opposable thumbs, flatter face than other mammals, eyes that face forward and spaced close together, large and complex cerebrum, and social animals. What makes a primate a primate is its characteristics. Some of the physical features primates are identified by is their teeth, snouts, eyes, ears, arms, legs, fingers, and toes. Human evolution is a big part of humans being primates, and having similar features and characteristics make humans to be considered to be a primate, but both humans and non-humans have differences.

Throughout history, humans have depended on the horse. Horses have contributed to the growth of humankind as transportation, farm workers, and battle steeds. They have been trained to support humans in many ways. When did this relationship begin? At what point did the horse become a vital part of human society? Exploring the evolution of the horse can help to answer these questions.