11/28/12
HIST485
Honor-Shame Code in The Tale of Heike In The Tale of Heike, the way in which the Japanese viewed defeat and dying is revealed to the reader through various incidents covered during the time of the novel. To be defeated was shameful but to prevail was a way to gain respect and honor. The accounts in Heike tell us that one could defeat an opponent by exiling him, insulting him, or even taking revenge upon him. Because being defeated was shameful, warriors would kill themselves before being killed by the opponent. If a warrior failed in his duty, suicide would be the necessary measure taken to regain honor. Not only could suicide be a way to gain honor, it could also be a way to shame someone. If you prohibit your enemy
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Munetaka was ordered by Yoshitsune to shoot the fan “right square in the middle (420),” but Munetaka hesitated to accept the order saying, “if I missed, we’d never outlive the disgrace (420).” Not able to refuse the angered Yoshitsune, Munetaka preparing to shoot closed his eyes in silent prayer saying, “Let me hit the center of that fan! If I miss, I’ll smash my bow and kill myself’ I’ll never show my face again (420).” Munetaka knew that his failure would disgrace the Genji and his suicide would be the only way of recompense. Heike also reveals that another way to defeat your enemy and another way to be shamed by your enemy was through humiliation. Kiyomori often humiliated his enemies. He exiled Naritsune, Yasuyori, and Shunkan to Kikai-ga-shima, a faraway island, because they were conspiring against the Taira. Later, only Naritsune and Yasuyori were pardoned but Shunkan was not. This was Kiyomori’s revenge on Shunkan because Kiyomori had given Shunkan his job and still had the nerve to betray him (290-291). Through exile, Kiyomori shamed Naritsune, Yasuyori, and Shunkan by denying them the opportunity to commit suicide but sentencing them to death by starvation. Insults were another way to shame your enemy. Nakatsuma passive aggressively denies Munemori the chance to ride Konoshita, his horse, by saying the horse was tired from having been overridden (306). When Munemori found out that was a lie, he had been humiliated. To take revenge he seized Konoshita,
Musui will deliberately continue his transgressions during his adult years. He kept visiting the Yoshiwara repeatedly in many occasion, he traveled without permission, dealt with merchants, and became materialistic. At one occasion, he even shamelessly pulled a big farce (p. 135) of committing seppuku, which was considered as a sacred samurai ceremony, in order to get money from peasants. What is striking in all this is that he shows no indication of regret for his act, but instead describes the whole situation with pride.
dissatisfaction Many samurai who fended off the Mongol invaders demanded that the bakufu recompense them for their service. The government paid the priests who claimed responsibility for summoning the kamikaze, instead. This only made many samurai vassals resent the government. While these failed invasions briefly allowed Japan to revel in the glory of the kamikaze, the cost of fighting, coupled with the lack of payment to the samurai, and sowed dissatisfaction among the warrior society are the factors that ultimately led to the gradual decline of the Kamakura
Beating had long been an acceptable and routine method of discipline within the Japanese Army. Soldiers could strike subordinates with no questions asked and no explanation warranted. The slightest distinction between ranks was of critical importance because it meant the difference between who could inflict blows, and who could expect to receive them. This sort of institutionalized brutality had a tendency to work its way down the ranks to the lowliest private. One can imagine what would happen when an enlisted man, hardened by this psychology of top-down violence, found himself suddenly thrown into a foreign and not altogether distasteful situation in which he was the superior, in charge of a group of helpless prisoners. For some, the temptation to beat proved irresistible. For others, beating was only the beginning." (Hampton 91-92)
Honor is one of those concepts that is seldom defined. One’s reputation is based on his or her honor, integrity, honesty, and purity. William Shakespeare’s Henry IV is a one of his many plays that deal with the varying ideas of honor, as well as issues of courage, loyalty, and ambition, interposing examples of dishonor, weakness, and the deceitful plots among both the drunkards and noblemen. Shakespeare utilizes suggestive metaphors to create illusions, imagery, and to reinforce the different views of the major issues people were faced with in his time and in ours. His plays often focus on the imagery, either on some obvious important symbol, or some image pattern that recurs throughout the work. Readers are
The Japanese people are stoic patriotic people. They did come together as a community to assist each other but they suffered through their pain alone. They did not look for sympathy or a shoulder to cry on. Mr. Tanimoto wrote in a letter describing how some Japanese died without yelling out for help. He wrote, “They died in silence with no grudge, setting their teeth to bear it. All for the country (Hersey, p. 69)!” They were proud people for their country and didn’t want to appear weak. Mr. Tanimoto also wrote in his letter, “Look, I lost my home, my family, and at last bitterly injured. But now I have got my mind to dedicate what I have and to complete the war for our country’s sake (Hersey, p. 69).” Hersey also informs us of thirteen year old girls singing their national anthem while being crushed to death. Not concerned about their well-being but for the love of their beloved country. To know that you’re going to die yet sing something that means so much to you shows heroism. It is as if the thirteen year old girls died for
Heinrich Böll uses his novel, The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum, to attack modern journalistic ethics as well as the values of contemporary Germany. The structure of this novel is important to conveying his message. He uses a police report format, differences in chapter lengths, narrator or author intervention, a subtitle, and the extensive use of the 'puddle' metaphor. All these things contribute towards the message in the text.
Pride can be defined positively and negatively, it can mean a sense of one's own proper dignity or value or self-respect, or an excessively high opinion of oneself or conceit, respectively. In the play which portrays both sides of pride we are transported to the late sixteen hundreds and introduced to the town of Salem in the province of Massachusetts Bay during the time of witch trials, and it’s excessively superstitious habitants. Some of the fictitious but notable habitants of the town are John Proctor, his wife Elizabeth Proctor and Reverend Hale, all of whom show various facets of pride, its benefits and its consequences.
Yuranosuke throughout the book shows absolute loyalty. He is the chief retainer of Lord Enya, he served throughout as a mediator in the story. In Act four, when Hangan was ordered by the shogun to commit suicide for drawing his sword on a fellow ronin. When Yuranosuke shows up he is too late, when he enters Hangan stabs himself with his sword. Before he dies, Hangan tells Yuranosuke he wants vengeance upon Moronao.
Some would say that honor is a thing of the past; a thing long since extinct with the King Arthur and the knights of the round table. In fact, it is not, it is real and can still be seen all around through people all the time. In Charles Dicken’s novel, A Tale of Two Cities, honor and dishonor are main themes that are exemplified and enacted through many characters. To be honorable, or to act in honor, is to act in a way that is not necessarily socially acceptable, but is morally right, noble, and kind. To be dishonorable is to neglect the basic responsibility of treating every human being in the respectful manner they deserve, giving no variance to rank or status. Throughout the book different men show varying degrees of honor and dishonor.
Imagine a world in which everyone believes it is in their best interest to suppress their feelings. Most people in the modern world would undoubtedly find this prospect awful and depressing. After all, our phenomenon of instantaneous communication was conceived with the belief that humans desperately want and need to share their emotions and ideas. The widespread popularity of Twitter, Facebook, and other social networking websites seem to affirm this assumption. If one was to compare the Puritan setting of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter with this hypothetical world, they would soon realize the two
The second example is Ako incident. The beginning of the incident is that a reception for an Imperial envoy under the fifth shogun Tsunayoshi. As a receptionist, Asano Takumi no Kami, was the load of Ako, was appointed.Asano asked Kira Kozuke no Suke for support because Kira was quite familiar with the traditional custom.However, Ako was put on by Kira.Then, Asano slashed at Kira because Asano lost his mind in spite of prohibiting people from drawing a sword in the Edo castle.In those days, there was a general rule: “Take two to tango”, but Yoshino got away with anything, while Asano committed hara-kiri.Ako protested against the judgement, so the Ako 47 former retainers revenged for Asano.This is called Ako incident, and the citizens of Edo
Left to a point with no return, Munakata had no choice but to kill Mikoto during the last episode of K as a final act of kindness as Mikoto's Sword of Domacles began to
It has been said, "I would rather die standing than live on my knees!" (Emiliano Zapata). All things are possible to a person who stands on the foundation of honor. The definition of honor is a high regard or respect; personal integrity; reputation; privilege (Webster’s Dictionary). The word honor comes from Latin Honos. Honor shapes lives everyday, and provides the glue that holds a family, community and country together.
Throughout the history of the world, honor has been an important part of life. In literature, as well, honor plays an important role in many plots and the development of almost any character. Shakespeare’s play Much Ado About Nothing is no exception. In this comedy about love and marriage, honor is revealed as the primary reason for many of the actions taken by several different characters. When Claudio breaks off his wedding with Hero, he does it because he believes she is not chastised as she claims to be and in being such, she would dishonor him as well as her father if the marriage were to proceed as planned. The play is an accurate depiction of the honor code and the different standards for men and women of the time in regards to
Prince Hal’s destiny is shaped for him by many forces: his association with the ne'er-do-well Falstaff, the expectations of his father, King Henry IV, and the constant comparison between himself and Hotspur. All three of these forces create in Hal a sense of honor that is an integral part of his education as the ideal king, and throughout the action of Henry IV, Part I, Hal is gaining a knowledge of honor that will shape him into the King that he will become. However, it seems that Hal ultimately chooses one form on honor over the other, although he must compare the honor of Falstaff and the conceptual honor of a chivalric hero before he comes to a final conclusion.