Holly Brubach’s article, “Immaculate Perception,” is, in fact, an exploration of the Virgin Mary cult. Only, not a cult in the inflammatory sense of which people are accustomed. Rather, a cult in terms of an abstracted, deep-seated idolatry. Being the “cornerstone of ideal womanhood,” men and women of Catholic faith sanctify the Virgin Mary (Brubach, 130). However, doing so, does not come without consequence. Women of Catholic faith expected to meet the impossible standards of the Virgin Mary. How can anyone top giving birth to Jesus Christ? Nonetheless, women are expected to be the perfect wife and mother, along with submissive and asexual. Essentially, maintain “gender roles, behaviors, attitudes, and experiences [that] are defined as normal
In conclusion, in Home of Mercy Gwen Harwood highlights the repression of females within society by emphasizing the restrictions put on the girls within the Magdalene Asylums by using descriptive language that shows the dehumanization of the girls and women. Harwood also conveys the hypocritical nature of the Magdalene asylums that were originally set up to be rehabilitation assistance, and stresses how the religion is acting duplicitous and deceiving. Overall Harwood evokes the suppression of women within society using the example of the Magdalene
Presenting literature to the public that is meant to be a commentary on social or political issues, masked under the guise of entertaining and fictional, is a tool implemented by authors and activists for centuries. While not all satire is as overt as Jonathan Swift’s suggestion that we eat the babies, it does not diminish the eyebrow raising suggestions that are conveyed once the meaning has been discovered. In Aphra Behn’s The History of the Nun and Eliza Haywood’s Fantomina, the established expectations of the female role within society are brought into question then directly rejected. These expectations establish that women should be deferential to men, morally unblemished, and virtuous at all times. Men, however, are not held to these expectations in the same way. The masculine roles assumed by Isabella and Fantomina demonstrate a private rebellion against the established patriarchal society as it warns against the under-estimation of women and proves that women exist independently.
' Mary's heart was already with god and conventional values were not going to keep her a way from the life he had chosen for her.' (Mary MacKillop A tribute, 1995)
Menstruation is also another form in which women are ‘Polluting’. Within Catholicism, women are still unable to be ordained. Women’s presence may also distract men from their more important roles involving worship. Turner points out that in order to carry out priestly duties properly there must be a degree of policing the body and the presence of a woman there makes it more difficult. This demonstrates that religion gives a negative image of women.
The church has ever opposed the progress of woman on the ground that her freedom would lead to immorality. We ask the church to have more confidence in women. We ask the opponents of this movement to reverse the methods of the church, which aims to keep women moral by keeping them in fear and in ignorance, and to inculcate into them a
Throughout my selected text, Johnson focuses on the church along with the subsequent androcentric image of God, and how it impacts woman around the world. She explains that throughout history, with the help of the church’s patriarchal nature and society’s values as a whole, woman have been seen “as a ‘defective male’…that must live in obedience to her [male counterpart,]…[ and who are often also referred to as the] ‘second sex’” (Johnson 92). This
“Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name. - Matthew 6:9. The idea of “God the father” is one that is rooted deep in our society predominantly the ways in which it rejoices men. The almighty all and powerful God is outlined as a male figure in the bible, constructed using almost entirely masculine language. This simple fact has provoked men to assume the position of authority, to oversee over his family. This simple fact leads to an imbalance of power between men and women subconsciously oppressing women within our society. In Mary Daly’s “After the Death of God the Father,” Mary explains how the Judeo-Christian culture has served to bring structure to a sexually imbalanced man driven culture." This male-controlled society has its establishments in the most discernible parts of Christianity.” Mary’s work is a continuation of what is known as “The women's liberation movement” furthering the conversation of societies hold on a woman and bringing change. In this critical evaluation of Mary Daly's work, I will discuss the thesis and argument of the reading, along with an analysis of its assumptions and implications.
Because of the Virgin’s Mexican history, she holds great significance to Mexican Catholics, so it is no surprise why the Virgin remains inherent in Mexican culture, or as literary scholar Debra J. Blake so aptly defined, “Guadalupe equals Mexico.” Both men and women admire the Virgin, but her religious setting provides a context for oppression through the church. NietoGomez explains how the church utilized Guadalupe’s image, "Marianismo, the veneration of the Virgin Mary, became the model of how to make oppression a religious obligation. This is the heritage of the Chicana." The church created a patriarchal role for themselves by weaving the Virgin’s image as a pure mother to model ordinary women’s behavior. By applying this method through the guise of subjugation, the Church rationalized their need to “protect” women in order to maintain their pure, moral status. Paradoxically, feminine virtues expressed by the Virgin as to be employed by women represents many contradictory elements. Debra
In times of turmoil for the church, intellectuals and scholars who defended Christians against accusations from outsiders were dubbed the Christian Apologists. They included people like Justin Martyr in the 100s A.D., Augustine of Hippo in 300s - 400s A.D, and Tertullian in 100s - 200s A.D. Tertullian wrote pieces on philosophy in the church, prayer, and baptism. He was one of several apologists to write about God being three separate ‘things’, but Tertullian was the first to name the Son, Spirit, and Father as the Trinity. He was one of many to write against women in the church, but he was the most vulgar and profane. Tertullian’s publication, On the Apparel of Women, is characterized by his mimicking of Paul’s writings in the New Testament, paradoxes and hypocrisies throughout, obvious misogyny by a modern standard, and men’s harmful view in a time where I, as a woman, would not be allowed to learn to read and write if my husband or father deemed it so. Not only did he insult a women’s place in the church as others did, he attacked a women’s place in anything. In the centuries after he lived, his teachings aren’t as influential in the church, but his base ideals are still part of our society as out dated standards.
This example shown here is the Gnostic theme that will be focused on the most throughout this essay. By comparing the divine feminine principle within Gnostic texts with the feminine principle in the film The Da Vinci Code, I will demonstrate the ways that the feminine principle in The Da Vinci Code relates with the one from Gnosticism. However, these divine females must first be described
In her Incarnadine, Mary Szybist uses the examples of the Annunciation to Mary and the visions of Joan of Arc to explore the strong dipole of power between god and the women who choose to follow him. A reoccuring theme that can be observed is the power that god exerts over women that are chosen by him, and the resulting internal conflict faced or sacrifices made by these women, who lack the power to oppose this control, but also freely choose to follow god. Szybist uses this common theme to question the meaning of “choice” when there is a power imbalance. Such a conflict can be seen in Szybist’s poem “Holy,” in which a woman wants to be known by the holy spirit and at the same time feels stifled by its presence within her. This is evidenced
position. However, some then notice that a man doing the same work for the same
Religion is powerful in that it controls followers’ behaviours and beliefs throughout their entire lives; it is a form of social control. Catholicism is one of the most widely known religions influencing more than 2 billion people around the world (Ross). Within Catholicism not everyone are seen as equals; men have greater privilege than women. The bible and church are from a male’s point of view (Christ 86) and passages within the bible are used to enforce a sexual hierarchy. In fact, the oppression of women begins with the first story in Genesis about creation, which portrays females as being inferior to men and even of an evil nature. This one passage is the main source of justification of oppression of woman in the church (Daly 13).
Professor of religious studies Karen Armstrong finds in the early Christian Church examples of hostility toward women and fear of their sexual power, which she contends led to the eventual exclusion of women from full participation in a male-dominated church.
In addition, she had built a comfortable environment with Dr. Stone who later realizes that he has been in love with her for the past seven years of her service (Verghese p. 42, 2009). Matron knows that Sister Mary Joseph Praise is pregnant, but tries to find another cause of her excessive bleeding and comatose state due to her social status as a nun (Verghese p. 46, 2009). The birth of a child would be a miracle in most situations, but the finding of Sister Mary Joseph’s pregnancy is described as “sacrilegious” from not partaking in the nun’s duty of celibacy (Verghese p. 47, 2009). Due to the strong social support that Sister Mary Joseph Praise felt, she was more inclined to stray away from a life of celibacy. With proper contraception, Mary would have a much lower chance of getting pregnant, altering her behavioral determinant of health that lead to her