History 101 Midterm Study Guide

* Which industry sparked the New England economy at the end of the 17th century? Who was unhappy with the success of that industry, and why?

1. The thing that motivated and sustained the long-distance commerce of the Silk Roads, Sea Roads, and Sand Roads was the desire of elites for hard-to-find luxury items from distant parts of the Eurasian network, as well as the accumulation of wealth, especially among merchants who participated in the trade.

3.) We have all known people though out our lives or maybe family or friends who did not agree with our biblical belief and have raised questions to challenge our faith. Why does the Bible have so many translations is always one that comes up

The Protestant Reformation began during the Renaissance time period, it was the attempt to reform the Roman Catholic church. It led to the creation of Protestant churches. This reformation began after multiple church leaders started demanding individuals to supply them with such large quantities of goods, food, and money that individuals did not have much left to provide to their own family. Several believed if they did not contribute and present the church with what they asked, they would be denied entrance to heaven once they passed away. People saw how the church thrived while those who contributed were ravenous and penniless. Martin Luther, a monk, noticed several inaccuracies between what the Roman Catholic Church practiced and the Bible as he studied the Bible. He decided to speak out by creating the 95 Theses, and nailing it on the entrance of a catholic church. Protestants who had similar view as Luther’s began Luther-ism. John Calvin, had very similar views as Luther and was even inspired by him to reform the Catholic Church as well. I most admire Martin Luther because of how he spoke up and protested against the Roman Catholic church when he knew it could put him in danger, but I am most similar to John Calvin because of how he believes in predestination and how faith is revealed by living a righteous life.

c) Paul finishes his speech encouraging them to use faith as their main weapon. (verse 16)

Tolerance- tolerant people have a positive view of reality, thinking that different lifestyles and beliefs are all equally valid. They accept that there are different beliefs in the community so are able to tolerate them.

trade between Africa, Europe, and North America. By trading rum, money and goods were brought

Acceptance is trusting, having confidence, and be welcoming of others. Being able to accept people with an open mind may be difficult at times but depending on our experience and the way we have come to be it can sometimes be very natural. In the three texts, “What, of This Goldfish Would You Wish”, “The Lottery”, and “American Flag Stands for Tolerance,” the author’s focus on the way we interact and relate with others. This quote, “We as human beings, must be willing to accept people who are different from ourselves” said by Barbara Jordan, demonstrates how everyone should be open and willing to accept those who are different and not to discriminate against others.

Europeans gain access to new goods and markets, and this creates a demand for things like silk, spices, and ivory.

The main ideology of Lutheranism is that salvation can be gained by three fundamental precepts: by faith, by grace and by scripture alone. Luther felt that Salvation could not be achieved through good works such as prayer or holy living: "Good works do not make a good man, but a good man does good works." (Luther, On Christian Liberty, p.9). Faith in God is created through the belief and love for Him; salvation would rise from it nonetheless. Luther felt that it was up to every individual to interpret the Scriptures and decide for himself what was good. This was a revolutionary concept, as previously it had been only the Pope who could interpret the Scriptures. Another concept of Lutheranism was that every believer could achieve priesthood. All men who had true faith had the opportunity to serve God and were equal in His eyes. "Among Christians there shall and can be no authority; rather all are alike subject to one another." (Luther, Part Two. How Far Temporal Authority Extends, p.31). Bishops and priests in the Lutheran church were not authoritative figures but simply serving an office.

2. The major reason for religious toleration was to gain religious freedom and allowed specific religious groups to practice their religion without being punished.

The Protestant Reformation was a pivotal time of European history that occurred during the 16th century. The Protestant Reformation was comprised of people called “reformers” that challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s ability to define Christian practice (“The Reformation”). The Protestant Reformation was revolutionary due to the fact that the reformers preached against everything the Catholic Church had been teaching. Some famous reformers are John Calvin and Martin Luther. However, Martin Luther-- to some--- is named the most successful and influential reformer of the 16th century. Martin Luther was tremendously effective and influential due to how resourceful he was, and his teachings spread across Europe swiftly.

Devotion includes having the capacity to submit one's self to others on the premise of tolerating others, notwithstanding when there might be ideological contrasts.

respect to religion: the right to be free from government-imposed religion and a right to practice

The third section dissects the formation of the New Testament with more historical context and views of other writings defined as Gnostic writing. Bruce explains the spoken words of the apostles carried as much authority as their written words and gives an in depth explanation how the Gospels and Pauline writings were viewed by the Church Fathers. The rest of the section demonstrates the Church Fathers and their views of what was to be considered scripture and the councils that affirmed the inspired scripture.