Historical Debates Are The Most Common, And Often Most

Despite the vast differences in the ways that European and American cities were designed and shaped, their unique characteristics reflect the distinctive circumstances in which they were created in both political and socio-economic realms. Furthermore, although each continent has a distinct urban origin, it is crucial to point out that it was Romulus' undertakings that lead to the existence of the western democracy and its importance in the shaping of the cities that exist

Now that Augustus had dealt with the most eminent dangers for the Roman State, the time had come to establish and consolidate a new form of government and his own positions within it. Therefore it was one of Augustus’ main concerns to make the Senate a “useful and important instrument of government within the new order”.

Citizenship is not a recent idea, nor it is an ancient organization of society. The idea that the ordinary person should play a role in society emerged as citizenship, and the status, given by a government to some or all people, balances individual rights and individual responsibilities to aid the government. The most predominant form of early citizenship is in Athens and Rome, in which the people of a state are known as citizens as opposed to subjects, who populate the empires in Egypt, Babylon, and China. In spite of having a similar governing system, Rome and Athens are two drastically different civilizations; their differences not only stem from the drastic difference in their population number, but also from their ideals of life. However,

The trials of political success and error throughout history, have led to more efficient and authentic ways of governing, making nations stronger over the course of time. While the United States and the Roman Republic share similar political systems, the structure of the Roman Republic is in many ways flawed compared to the modern Democratic Republic of the U.S. nation. The Roman Republic’s rigid social structure flawed their political system because there was less flexibility within the social ladder, affecting citizens and their opportunity to be elected into office. The Republic’s society was made up of two distinct and separate social classes, the Patricians and the Plebeians. “In the early years of the Roman Republic, patricians controlled all the religious and political offices; plebeians had no right of appeal against decisions of the patrician government, since no laws were codified or published.

Without the sharing of power between the Senate and People of Rome, the development of a republican form of government in the city would have been impossible. This is proved by Livy’s acknowledgement that the system of electing magistrates used in his time mirrors this first Roman election for king (Livy I.17.28-30). In this monarchical system of government as well as the Republic, both the Senate and the People must share power to ensure stability; a government dominated by one group, whether it be the king, the Senate, or the People, would be ruinous. The affirmation of this reality in the election of Numa served as a foundation for the system of political society that characterized the ideals of

During the decline of the Roman Empire, control over the development of law slowly left the hands of the Jurists and come under the complete control of the Emperor. The Institutes of Gaius and The Institutes of Justinian are two notable legal textbooks written approximately at the beginning and the end of this process. As legal summaries, these texts may be useful sources to identify major changes in Roman law, more specifically concerning the laws of obligations, during that period. Analyses of the changes between the laws of obligations The Institutes of Gaius and The Institutes of Justinian are few and far between, much less in their historical context. A total of two pages is devoted to a comparison between the textbooks in a guide

But the result of doing this made tripartite government with each have it’s power and rights. The First of the Tripartite government was the Magistrates and Consuls, and these Magistrates were Elected Officials, but there always two magistrates who would be the most powerful of them all and these the consuls who would get elected each to be charge of city and the army plus power over everybody. Now the second part of the Government was the Roman Senate who were made of the wealthiest and most powerful people in Rome that advised the leaders and would stay in office forever or until they die. The Final part of the government was the Assemblies and Tribunes, who were people who represented common people and elect the Magistrates plus like the rest they can only for one year. But now that you know the Tripartite government we can finally get to last important information which is about rule and

democratic governance. Looking back at how the Greek city-states evolved and reacted to who held a

“Polis is a term that is used to describe a tight knit small community of Ancient Greek citizens who agreed on certain rules and customs. Usually a polis was centered on a small town and the countryside the surrounded it” (Deering). The polis defined a public and communal space, the Agora, for the purpose of leading public affairs. The affairs of men and affairs were included as these had essentials parts to the entire community’s affairs. The Ancient Greek poleis are among the first recorded democratic governments in the world. The term polis has been translated into city-state as there was typically only one city and because an individual polis was independent from other poleis in terms of political, judicial, legal, religious and social institutions and practices (Cartwright). A polis offered security for its inhabitants and gave organization to government through structure, function and hierarchy.

The Greek democratic and Roman republic governments each had their own positive and negative aspects making them similar, yet exclusively different. Both have had tremendous influences on governments in our modern world. Rome was a republic where the leaders were chosen through voting, while Greece practiced a more direct democracy in which the citizens participated in the crucial decision-making within the government. This paper will attempt to diagnose the fundamental similarities of each government coupled with the not so obvious differences. Based on the evidence from each type of government, it is clear that each were similar and different in numerous ways, in particular the way each government

Ancient Greeks and Romans created an organized and structured government. Today we still use many of the same concepts and principles in order for the government to function for the good of all people. In this paper I am going to compare and contrast both forms of government focusing on who can be citizens and what citizens were given the opportunity to do.

Concomitant with the Athenian system, in the city of Rome popular government was introduced as well, albeit under a different name, respublica (from "res" – thing and "publicus" – public). Consequently the republic was similar with Greek demokratia. At the beginning only aristocrats or patricians were allowed to participate at the governing act, but "after much struggle the common people [….] also gained entry" (Dahl, 1998: 13). Only male patricians, later lower castes as well, were able to govern, meaning that women, same as in Athens, were denied any political rights. Starting as a city-state, the Roman Republic conquered territories far beyond its initial borders and gave Roman citizenship to the conquered people. Even though this system might seem sturdy, the impossibility to adjust the institutions of popular government to the increasing number of citizens and the ever-growing Republic is a major flaw. In order to exert their political rights, the conquered people turned into Roman citizens had to participate in meetings in the city of Rome, a tedious and expensive effort, which corroborated with the increase in

“Individuals have the right to live their lives in any way they choose as long as they do not violate the equal rights of others” stated by David Boaz on drug use and the constitution(Boaz,). Marijuana along with other illegal drugs are all components which are considered to be victimless crimes and are one of the top investments law enforcements make on fighting. Victimless crimes overall are more potential to hurting the economy and society as a whole by keeping them illegal then if they were legal. The reason for this is due to the fact that there is no unwilling participant and the real reason these acts are illegal is due to an external psychic cost. People in the society do not want to see these acts being committed even though

In its heyday Ancient Rome was many great thingsm it was the military Powerhouse of the world, it had uncomparable economic power and and at peakm the empire of Rome had over 5 million square kilometres in it 's Territory. The state even had the population of Rome held within their control, as you can imagine this wasn’t done through trnsperency and good morales, but instead through various scare tactics and manipulation, this paper will focus on one aspect of the states control over the Roman citizens, that aspect is control through Religion. To the state in Ancient Rome religion was a tool for social control, they saw that if they could control such an important part of a citizens life as their Religion and beleifs that then that citizen would effectivly behaive in the way the state wished. This paper will first discuss those behind this, the senate, the consuls and the emperor [maybe need to change], will then talk about the control being previlent even with those near the top of the social ladder using the example of the Vesta virgins. After this the Calender and festivals used by the state to have a strong hold of control throughtout someones life will be the topic and finally two state promoted rittuals will be talked and analized.

Ben Franklin once said there is only two certainties in life, death and taxes. Although you may not agree with this statement, it does provide two key topics that are highly debated amongst parties of the United States democracy. In terms of death, abortion and the death penalty are debated topics that each party has a different stance on. Those topics are an area of government that do not have a consensus. When it comes to taxes, every party has general ambitions on how to treat taxing citizens. Even though there are a multitude of political parties present in politics today, the only parties that are repeatedly mentioned election after election are the democratic and republican parties. These two parties usually