CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Analog to digital converters (ADCs) is a mixed signal processing device that converts analog signals which are real world signals to digital signals for processing the information. With the advancement of technology, digital signal processing has progressed prominently in recent years. The aim of design is low power, high speed and wide bandwidth analog-to-digital converter has increased tremendously. Therefore the focus of this thesis is to design low power Flash ADC that operates at high speed. Integration at very large scale a new architectures, and advances in integrated circuit (IC) technology have dramatically changed the design of these systems and created new areas of research and development. By the evolution of technology the transistor size is reduces and the response of transistor is being faster. The evalution of design is deals with a high speed (above 250MHz) but has low resolution (2 to 8 bits) as with small die area which is called System on a chip (SoC). In this trend a large number of transistor is integrated on a single chip, it is a challenge for a developer who designs an analog circuit for high speed applications these are analog to digital and digital to analog converters (ADCs and DACs) that also maintains other desirable attributes like low power consumption and small chip area.
The main objective for the consideration a designed ADCs for the complete SoC are high speed and low power consumption. For a Low
CP3208 devices are successive approximation 12-bit ADC with on-board sample and hold circuitry. The MCP3204/3208 devices operate over a broad voltage range (2.7 V - 5.5 V). Low current design permits operation with typical standby and active currents of only 500 nA and 320 μA, respectively. Fig.3 shows the functional block diagram of MCP3208 ADC. Fig.3 Functional Block Diagram of MCP3208 ADC
15. Load transient response is simulated under load variations from 0mA to 50mA that step load current has 100ns rise/fall times. The maximum overshoot and undershoot is 45.2mV and 30mV, respectively. It is evident from Fig. 15 which settling time is less than 5.65µs which provides fast settling time in compare with previous works. Line transient response is demonstrated in Fig. 16. As it is evident that the maximum variations at the LDO output are less than 7.4mV under loading condition of 50mA with the step voltage source from 1.8V to 2.2V with 500ns rise/fall
The comparison of above three algorithms for 8, 16 and 32 bit operands with corresponding voltage and frequency are tabulated in table I
2.8 CA3130 Op-Amp CA3130A and CA3130 are op-amp that combine the advantage of both CMOS and bipolar transistors. Gate-protected P-channel MOSFET transistor are used in the input circuit to provide very high-input impedance, very low input current and exceptional speed performance. The use of P,OS transistor in the input stage results in common mode input voltage capability down to 0.5V below the negative supply terminal, an important attribute in single-supply application. The CA3130 series circuit operates at supply voltage ranging from 5V to 16V.
The proposed algorithm takes n cores of different SOCs and grouped them together in different configuration of TAM width like n, 2n, 4n bit. The proposed
Although relatively happy with the SNA application and services by providing TCP/IP capability and internet access. The goal was met in a remarkably short time. Over the course of 30 months, DMS built a statewide TCP/IP network, began
Nowadays, the major limitations on computation performance are memory access latencies and power consumption. Due to memory access latency, for instance, the recently achieved CPU clock frequency of 5.7 GHz must be constraint to the maximum access speed of off-chip
Resistor ladder networks produce a easy, not expensive path to operate digital to analog conversion known as DAC. The two most common and popular networks are are binary weighted ladder and the R/2R ladder. Both networks have the ability of transforming digital voltage to analog.
According to the Health Recourses and Services Administration, “Tele health is the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long distance clinical healthcare, patient and professional health related education, public health, and health administration”(para 1) . Technology is has taken over our every-day lives and has slowly integrated into our health care system. According to Ronda Hughes, “Tele nursing is the use of technology to deliver nursing care and conduct nursing practice” (para 3). The two terms are closely related. Tele nursing cannot be defined without first defining the term of tele health, but what does the tele heath and nursing world look like? What does a tele nurse do and how is it a benefit to the patients and/or the nursing profession?
In this device we use Atmega16’s inbuilt analog to digital converter. It is a 10-bit ADC which uses the in-built reference voltage level of
The mote’s size makes energy management a key component. The circuit will contain circuits, a temperature sensor, and A/D converter, microprocessor, SRAM, communications circuits, and power control circuits. Sensors work together with the IC, which will operate from a power source integrated with the platform.
Ics were made conceivable by test revelations demonstrating that semiconductor gadgets could perform the capacities of vacuum tubes and by mid-twentieth century innovation headways in semiconductor gadget creation. The combination of extensive amounts of modest transistors into a little chip was a colossal change over the manual get together of circuits utilizing discrete electronic segments. The coordinated circuit 's extensive manufactures ability, dependability, and building-square approach
The proposed prediction ADC algorithm contains three key procedures: prediction, judgement, and final conversion. At the beginning, the prediction circuit generates common MSBs from a data memory that stores the digital results of the pixels in the previous row. Then the judgement circuit creates two analog boundary voltages based on the predicted MSB values and check whether the current pixel’s analog value is between the two boundary voltages based on Eq. (1). Finally, if the predicted MSB values are correct, the ADC only performs the LSB conversions. Otherwise, the ADC performs a full A/D conversion. This algorithm can be implemented with various ADC structures, e.g., single-slope ADC, SAR ADC, or cyclic ADC. Also different data
“Can you hear me now?” Shaira gasps saying, “Why does the internet have to be so slow in India?” Well I chuckle knowing the answer to her question – low demand for high speed Internet. “God this is really testing my patience! I can’t even properly conduct video conferences with my people abroad.”
Digital and microcomputer applications, telecommunications, image processing, digital signal processing, computer architecture, electromagnetic compatibility and computer insights are some involved in the recent progresses in computer engineering. These fields