High Frequency Essay

1. Grohol, J. (2006). Depression Treatment. Psych Central. Retrieved on August 12, 2014, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/depression-treatment/000646

The treatment provided to patients continually utilizes new and groundbreaking methods including medication, therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation or TMS therapy to patients suffering with clinical depression. Short,

In the article by Shinsuke et al., the main objective was concern with the issue of the cerebral blood flow located in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the brain, and how it correlated with the treatment response to low-frequency right prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of depression. Overall, rTMS studies various cognitive functions to help with the ordeal of understanding the brain-behavior relationship in normal individuals, as well with those suffering from a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. The influence of extraneous variables in the experiment were limited due to the participating patients (14 men, 12 women) all meeting the criteria of major depressive disorder labeled in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV. However, the patients varied on the specific kind of antidepressant they were prescribed.

Prejudices have been along as far as any of us can remember. From way back when slaves were first being taken from Africa in the 1600s, to the belief of women to only be worthy because they had children. Discrimination against those groups and several more have always been around. In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, she discusses the racial and sexual prejudices of Maycomb County, through the words and experiences of Tom Robinson and Scout. The lessons Scout learns about how to deal with these issues and where they come from are applicable to all forms of prejudice all over the

A probable reason why CBT works with depressed patients is that depression interacts with both cognitive and motivational processes. This is well evidenced in experimental analogue research with healthy and depressed individuals. Individuals with depression show deficits on a range of cognitive tests (Brown, Scott, Bench, 1994) with the pattern of dysfunction having many of the characteristics associated with fronto-subcortical impairment. Reischies and Neu (2000) found that depressed individuals displayed mild cognitive impairments in comparison with matched controls, particularly in the areas of "adverbial" memory, psychomotor speed and verbal fluency. Further in these patients there appears to be considerable variation in the recovery of cognitive function with remission of the depressive episode.

Neuroticism was shown to decrease after sessions of MBCT in Shinhoven et al.’s (2017) study, with the researchers concluding MBCT’s possibility of being an effective transdiagnostic approach for emotional disorders and emotional traits that are apparent in chronic depression. Forkmann et al.’s (2016) results found SI reduced after MBCT significantly on the BDI and equal to CBASP on the HAMD measurements. Thus, answering some of Davidson’s (2016) qualms with kinds of patients is MBCT works most effective on. Also, all studies followed the protocol of Segal et al. (2002), remaining consistent, and showing positive results. Likja et al. (2016) had a 30% relapse rate just following the protocol, with positive changes holding true from the 12-month mark to the 15-month mark. Segal et al. (2002) seems to have developed a good approach to preventing relapse in patients with recurrent depression, the research and Europe seems to back them up. However, there are still questions to be answered as Davidson pointed out, MBCT coupled with exercise is an interesting and proactive idea to lower relapse

Dr. Sterman questioned if he could train the cats to produce the SMR rhythm at will and rewarded them when the frequency was produced. This experiment was the first to prove that brain behavior could be changed and affected by EEG conditioning over time. These findings laid the foundation for what we now call frequency band neurofeedback, which targets abnormal activity in frequency bands (Mayer & Arns, 2016). A great deal of experimentation with quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) began in the 1970s and 1980s. Over the last decade, the medical view of the brain as changed dramatically and overwhelming evidence exist for the plasticity of the brain, especially in childhood (Gevensleben, Moll, Rothenberger, & Heinrich, 2014). These current finding has placed attention on neurofeedback as a novel treatment using neuroplasticity to improve attention and many other psychological

When people become depressed, they experience a lack of motivation and energy, which can result in them cutting back on activities, neglecting daily responsibilities and leaving decision-making to others (CCI 2003). Avoiding activities gives the person short-term relief, because they haven’t had to face up to their responsibilities. Unfortunately, long-term, the list piles up and instead of completing the tasks; they think about everything they haven’t done (CCI 2003). They start to feel overwhelmed and guilty that they are inactive, which worsens the depression. Reduced activity levels and behaviours are detrimental to a person’s wellbeing because they become even less motivated, more lethargic and miss out on positive experiences (CCI 2003). Behavioural Activation aims to break this cycle of negative reinforcement,

In this article, antidepressant medication (ADM) is described as the most commonly used treatment for severe depression and cognitive therapy (CT) is the most talked about treatment that could be used for severe depression. Although, some patients do not want to take ADMs daily and CT is still being studied as a treatment option for major depression disorder. There was another alternative therapy treatment that was being questioned, behavioral activation therapy. The primary objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy towards adults with major depression disorder. For this study, behavioral activation was studied with cognitive therapy and antidepressant medications in a placebo controlled randomized

The two brothers, Esteban and Manuel, have a love that is so strong that it ties them together in an empowering way. It is a strong love that will last forever. Esteban believes that love has to be about loyalty and that you have to commit to it, but when Manuel becomes infatuated with Camila Perichole, Esteban feels alienated and alone. Esteban thought that Manuel loved her more than him, and he gets jealous; he really struggled with that. There was no limit in how much Esteban loved his brother, but he believed that there was a limit in how much his brother loved him.

As previously discussed, ISTDP has been empirically shown to be effective for individuals with many different types of somatic disorders, including back pain, pelvic and urinary tract pain, and other types of unexplained chronic pain (Leichsenring, Rabung, & Leibing, 2004). Many people who have TMS also have psychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, for which ISTDP has also been shown to be significantly effective (Town & Driessen, 2013). From these studies alone, it is clear and evident that ISTDP is very useful for people with TMS. However, these are not the only reasons why ISTDP is so applicable for TMS patients. As both Dr. Sarno and Dr. Schubiner discuss in their books on psychogenic pain, there are certain personality types

Williams et al (2014) compared MBCT with both cognitive psychological education, and treatment as usual, he compared the success rate of the therapy in preventing the relapse of MDD in people currently in remission phase following at least 3 previous episodes. It was consequently found that MBCT provided significant protection against the relapse, for participants with increased vulnerability due to adverse psychological history, but showed no significant advantage in comparison to an active control treatment and usual care over the whole group of patients with persistently recurring depression.

This effect is quicker than the time it takes for antidepressant drugs to begin working. In a study involving eleven adult participants between the ages of 26-39 who were diagnosed with Seasonal Affective Disorder, light therapy produced a reduction of 5-HTT BPND (serotonin transporter binding) in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices (which play a role in negative emotions and the recall of positive events, respectively) (Tyrer et al., 2016). More specifically, the researchers concluded that light therapy produces an effect on the retina and dorsal raphe nucleus, as well as in connections through the suprachiasmatic nucleus and hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus to the median raphe nuclei that potentially decrease 5-HTT levels globally across the brain. This treatment effect significantly helped with participants’ SAD symptoms, and it points to a tangible and clinically effective result in the brain from light therapy treatment.

“Man is the highest of creatures. The woman is the most sublime of ideals. God made for man a throne for the woman an altar. The throne exalts, the altar sanctifies. Man is the brain. The woman is the heart. The brain produces the light, the heart produces the Love. Fruitful Light, Love resurrects. The man is strong by reason. The woman is invincible by tears,” (Hugo Victor). "Trifles", a one demonstration play composed by Susan Glaspell, a feminist, born in Davenport, Iowa, in 1876, she “graduated at Drake University in Des Moines in June of 1899”, (Ozieblo, Barbara) and then she worked as a correspondent for the Des Moines Daily New. In 1901 she concentrated her time to write the books after quitted her job as reporter. She defied society 's desires, as a woman, she opposed to latently her view to the society about the abusive treatment of women. “Trifles” is a composed play around a homicide and all the more, it is the story about the violence and the abuses against women in the 1900s. Throughout the play, three main themes have been revealed; the repression of married women, the emotional pain of a woman in the society, and the revolt of the women.

As the literature remains inconclusive as to the relation between current major treatment modalities and depressive disorder, and given the extremities of the potential dangers of antidepressant medications, it is apparent that there is a need to develop new interventions, which show greater efficacy, safety, and acceptability.