Hepatitis C Infection: A Case Study

wants to evaluated for hep C, was a IV drug use, multiful tatoos, and history of inprsionment. This is 32 year old white male. Patient is a resident at Aletheia House. Patient is a current smoker with 16 pack year history. Patient reports he had stoped using IV drugs on 6/26/2015 (second time clean, last was in 2011). Patient denies chest pain, SOB, N/V/D, or fever. Patient denies depressive moods. current pain 6/10.

I am especially concern about the older population when it comes to Hep C. In the article it states that the population of people mostly affected by this virus is people born between the years 1945-1965 approximately 3.2 million. This includes my mother, my aunties, all of my client that I have worked with over the years and is still working with; the “baby boomers”. Signs and symptoms of the virus do not show up until weeks, sometimes months after being infected. Fever, feeling tired, poor appetite, nausea or vomiting, pain in your stomach, joint or muscle pain, is some of the symptoms manifested with this diagnosis. How can I protect myself when it is so easy to become infected from just a speck of blood being overlooked on a piece of clothing,

After 1992 blood banks began screening the blood for the hepatics C virus. According to Dr. Palmer on page 117 she states, that it has been estimated by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) that almost 300,000 Americans have contracted HCV prior to the advent of screening of donated blood and blood product for HIV.

In his essay “The Concept of Discourse Community,” John Swales, an educator and researcher, establish the definition of a discourse community. He argues that there is a difference between a speech community and a discourse community. According to John Swales, there are six defining characteristics for a group to be a discourse community. He then gives an example and discusses further issues regarding the concept of a discourse community. While the purpose of this essay is to acknowledge the readers about the characteristics of the discourse community with some explaination about each characteristics. He also establishes a formal tone to the readers. This work is significant because it provides some usefull information about discourse community so that the readers can know which discourse community they belongs to.

Hayley is a 24yo, G1 P0, who was seen for a consultation due to hepatitis C. The patient does have a prior history of substance usage but states that she has been clean throughout the entire pregnancy. She does periodically use Goody powders prn and she was told to discontinue this. She also has issues with depression and anxiety and is on Zoloft 50 mg daily. She believes that a viral load was drawn but in looking at the labwork I do not have those results currently. Her hepatitis C antibody test was positive. Overall, she denies any complaints with the pregnancy to date.

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. There are currently five known viruses that cause can hepatitis (Microbiology, 10e). The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted through contact with the blood of an infected person; however, it is now more commonly spread among IV drug users that share needles. Healthcare workers are also at risk for contracting HCV, but with standard precautions, the risk is low. “Prior to 1992, some people acquired the HCV infection from transfusions of blood or blood products. Since 1992, all blood products have been screened for HCV, and cases of HCV due to blood transfusion now are extremely rare. HCV can be passed from mother to unborn child. Approximately 4 out of every 100 infants born to HCV-positive mothers

We present a 35 year old man, former intravenous drug users, with chronic HCV infection two years back, who was hospitalized at the Neurology Care Unit, Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center in Kragujevac, Serbia in March 2015. The main complaints were headache, difficulty speaking, weakness of the left side of the body, adynamia and fever. The weakness of the left side of the body began suddenly in the night before the admission. The patient occasionally had increased body temperature 3 months before admission and was treated with oral antibiotic treatment. A few days before admission to our department had a temperature of about 39 degrees C (about 102 degrees F). A few months previously he was treated for hypochromic anemia.

Could treating prisoners for Hepatitis C (HCV) reduce the spread of this disease? The growing number of citizens that are testing positive for HCV is shocking, and the epidemic is just getting worse. One out of every one hundred people in the general population has Hepatitis C, but the ratio is higher in prisons. One out of every three inmates has Hepatitis C (CDC 2013). Among that ratio 50%-90% are injection drug users (CDC 2015). Hepatitis C (HCV) is a blood disease that is caused by a virus that affects the liver. Unfortunately there is no vaccine to prevent this disease. HCV causes chronic liver disease more rapidly than HIV (CDC 2015). HCV just like HIV, is a blood disease that is spread through contact with an infected person’s blood, and there are many ways to contract this disease. Injection drug users, physical altercations, sexual contact, tattooing, sharing razors or toothbrushes and mother to infant infection are just some of the ways this disease can be spread. Individuals who are incarcerated are more likely to take part in these high-risk behaviors (Wegner et al, 2014). Part of the problem is that prison officials have not been educated enough about the seriousness of this disease; therefore they don’t feel the same way. To reduce the spread of this disease testing inmates is very important. Since prison is where HCV is spread most frequently, we need to enforce proven strategies while inmates are contained in one place in order to reduce the spread of this

HCV is a blood-borne virus. This means that it spreads to a person through contact with the infected blood to another person. The most common method is promoting HCV using contaminated needles and other equipment for use in the field of medicine.

About 4.1 million people in Americans have the positive antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV), and about 75 percent have permeant infection. Additionally, most of the infections happened 20 to 40 years ago, before the finding of HCV. Hepatitis C increased from 7,000 to 13,000 deaths in 2005. Furthermore, HCV develops slowly which increases the risk of severe complications in the infected people. Identification, death, and treatment are predicted to affect 35,000 by 2030. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) used antiviral therapy with PEGylated in clinical trials (Kalichman, Washington, Kegler, Grebler, Kalichman, Cherry, & Eaton, 2015). The CDC recommends a HCV one time test for people born between 1945 and 1965. The objective of this study was to thoroughly evaluate the amount of substance abusers infected with hepatitis C in the United States. Additionally, to observe the treatment of HCV. Currently Medicaid and Medicare repayment standards for sofosbuvir were calculated in all states, including the District of Columbia. Medicaid and Medicare covered the drug based on the following conditions; liver disease stage, HIV, and drug use. Approximately 42 states reimbursed the following criteria up to 74 percent for the drug sofobuvir. About two-thirds of the United States restricted the treatment centered on prescriber type. About 88 percent included drug abuse in their sofosbuvir admissibility measures. Finally, 50 percent required a date of abstinence and 64 percent required

About 4.1 million people in Americans have the positive antibody for hepatitis C virus (HCV), and about 75% of them are persistently infected and most of the infections happened d 20 to 40 years ago, before the finding of HCV. Hepatitis C increased from 7,000 to 13,000 deaths in 2005. Furthermore, HCV develops slowly which increases the risk for severe complications in the infected people. Identification, death, and treatment is predicted to affect 35,000 by 2030. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) used antiviral therapy with PEGylated in clinical trials. The CDC recommends a HVC one time test for people born between 1945 and 1965.They observed testing by birth. The objective of this study was to thoroughly evaluate the amount of substance abuser infected with hepatitis C in the United States. Additional to observe the treatment of HVC. Currently Medicaid and Medicare repayment standards for sofosbuvir were calculated in all states including the District of Columbia. Medicaid and Medicare covered the drug based on the following classes liver disease stage, HIV, and drug use. Approximately 42 states reimbursed the following criteria up to 74% for the drug sofobuvir. About two thirds of the United States restricted the treatment centered on prescriber type. About 88% included drug abuse in their sofosbuvir admissibility measures. Finally 50% required a dated of abstinence and 64% required drug test. The latest drug to HVC is called Sovaldi and it costs $84,000 for the 12

Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is a common infection in injecting drug users and the prevalence of HCV infection in this subpopulation is up to 60% (ROUX). Patients with infective endocarditis (IE) are at higher risk of developing neurological complications such as cardioembolic stroke. In 10-50% of patients with IE in the left heart, it may cause stroke, usually in the first two weeks of illness. (GRECU) According to the latest recommendations the IE is diagnosed on the basics of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (HORSTKOTTE) but doubts of IE can be set on the basis of Doppler ultrasonography of the carotid arteries and observed changes in blood flow through the arteries that can indicate changes in the valves that may exist within

According to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, there are 140 new cases and 2203 existing cases (Australian Health Department, 2016). This information has been accessed from their website and carries data from 1991 to 2015.

The social dimensions in a prison setting impact the biomedical aspect of HCV by dramatically increasing an inmate’s risk of HCV transmission. Prisons socially determine the transmission of HCV infection among prison inmates in several ways. First and foremost, the use of unsterile drug needles and associated paraphernalia for illicit drugs leads to transmission of HCV among prison inmates (1). A high proportion of inmates are injection drug-users and addicted to various drugs. According to the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (CSSA), at least 7 of 10 offenders in the federal correctional system have engaged in drug use within the one-year period to their incarceration (2). Although the prison inmates do not have access to sterile needle equipment, they continue their habit during incarceration. This is due to the lack of health services for addiction management in most prisons, where the resources provided – if any – do not provide the adequate support required to cope with addictions treatment (1). Studies show that inmates are far less likely to benefit from health-education activities, such as drug abstinence counselling, without parallel medicine-based treatment (1). Drug addiction management treatment may include methadone or buprenorphine maintenance treatment (1).

Hepatitis C is a prevalent health care problem. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2016), approximately 2.7-3.9 million of the adult population in the United States is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Some groups of people are at risk for Hepatitis C infection, including current injection drug users, people who received the blood transfusion before 1992, organ recipients from a donor who tested positive for hepatitis C virus, hemodialysis patients, and children born to a hepatitis C mother (CDC, 2016). Hepatitis C causes embarrassment and isolation from the society. Self-esteem and understanding of the