Heclo's On Thinking Institutionally

The company has put so much stress on the managers to do the right thing that now it has become an unethical practice. The theory that comes in to play is the goal based theory the managers and the company were only worried about the outcome. Now the company has to worry about all the people coming together and suing the company for lost wages.

In the business world companies will run into times that they have to make decision based on ethics. This outcome may not be illegal, but unethical, which is just as important when running a business. Business Ethics is the concept of distinguishing between right and wrong and then making the right choice. The right choice may not always be the easiest or best alternative for the organization financially, but it is the greatest option for the company and its shareholders overall. The idea of business ethics is important to create trust between consumers, the community, and others involved with a given organization.

“Defining Moments” begins expresses the difficulty of resolving “right versus right” based on ethics decision making guides such as credos and mission statement. Ethics decision making guides are managers’ sources in relieving difficult situation. However, they can ‘t resolve right versus right” conflicts mainly because they “focus overwhelmingly on problems of misconduct and wrong doing” (Badaracco, 30). Grand philosophical principles do not help in answering ethical dilemma due contradictions between school of thoughts.

The right versus right concept is significant to management because managers are responsible for themselves, others, and, sometimes an entire organization. A manager personal integrity and decision-making process can make or break an organization. Their decisions will

Every day we are faced with decisions, both easy and challenging ones. We are faced with decisions we do not even realize we are making, like brushing your teeth in the morning. In our lifetime we are also faced and with life altering decisions like making a big move to a new transfer

Decision-making in the workforce is a process of responsibilities used by upper management to implement, enforce rules, regulations, and maintain a successful environment. Decision-making implemented more effectively by making a plan, thinking it through, accepting more than one opinion and determining what is best. However, decision-making often utilized more effectively by opening doors of opportunities for a suggestion, question, discussion, and feedback. Although, more involvement helps improve understanding, utilize behavior skills and present opportunities for better communication. Everyday life consists of decision-making, the right decision may not always be applied, but ensure room for improvement and opportunity. Individuals approached decision-making in many different ways. As stated by (Jones, Graham, & Bateman, 2006) decision making is a procedure used to recognize a problem, weigh the alternatives and evaluate a solution in which, certain situations will require different approaches to become effective.

Using 2 different companies as example, analyse and evaluate the ethical decision making process within a business setting.

According to Badaracco, “This book argues that “right-versus-right choices are best understood as defining moments. These are decisions with three basic characteristics: they reveal, they test, and they shape. In other words, a right-versus-right decision could reveal a manager’s basic values and, in some cases, those of an organization. At the same time, the decision tests the strength of the commitments that a person or organization has made. Finally,

Making good decisions is vital to living a successful and productive life. The ability to decide and choose wisely and rightly depends on the situation. Though we try to be as logical as possible in taking a decision, sometimes we end up making the wrong choices. So, it is important to understand how people decide things.. The sad truth is that people, even at the highest level, simply do not like to make good choices as every decision involves a certain amount of risk.

The focus of my term paper is the decision making process used by today's top-level managers. Top-level managers, such as Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), Chief Operations Officers (COOs), and Chief Financial Officers (CFOs), must make critical decisions on a daily basis. Their choices and the resulting outcomes affect the company, the employees, and the stakeholders. Due to the high importance of their decisions, the process they use to reach them merits a close examination.

The decision is to select an action among a number of actions that solves a given problem, that prevents a problem from happening, or that forces to apply new ideas for development. The need for understanding decision making process is increasing because the complexity of modern organizations is increasing, and because the modern organizations' effectiveness depends on the decisions made by the managers. The question is how to select the most appropriate action to solve the problem satisfying all stakeholders.

In chapter 12, the book offered 7 strategies to improve decision making efforts. These strategies were broken in to two separate groups, the first three are broad sweeping changes, and the last four are techniques to improve decisions we are making. Managers are measured on the decisions that they are making. A good manager will know what it takes to make sound, and reasonable decisions. Decisions define who we are, and they can have profound effects on others, so we must choose wisely when it comes to the final result.

As stated by Prasad (2008), the managers should identify the different choices available in order to get most acceptable outcome of a decision. From searching different alternatives the managers can evade blocks in operations as choices are suitable if a particular idea goes wrong. Khanka (2000) expresses the view that selections can developed from in many ways such as can get from sources like experience, do training other organizations, and take others ideas and suggestions related in problems. Furthermore to improve alternatives solution the managers may investigation the signs of a problem for clues or fall back on intuition or result that stated by Griffin and Moorhead (2010). For an example in marketing department a non-programmed decision is compulsory the manager have to produce alternatives for raise market share. As McShane and Von Glinow (2000) pointed out that in a programmed decision is a standard operations is not to generate choice but can take out from the documented that already saved. Next an organizer should search the mission of a decision. In other words they need to define what is to be accomplished by it (Quick & Nelson, 2013). The decision criteria are important as mentioned by Dubrin (2002). The several criteria are consumers must aware of varies in quality of products, there not happen inflation, workers must consider the quality of improvements and lastly job satisfaction should not be reduce.

This does not set a good example for the employees and can be harmful to the future of the company. Ensuring that bribery stops can solve many of the problems discussed above. Some feasible solutions are being recommended to help the company in both short term and long term. First of all, all employees including managers should be given training and education about bribery, corruption and what’s deemed illegal according to the law. Explicit measures should be suggested on how they can avoid supporting corruption and also where they can report to in case a situation where dishonesty is involved arises.

The fast pace of improvements in technology, information and innovation expect the organisations to keep up with their speed. In this global business era, making a wrong choice deeply hurt the business. Such as producing wrong products, entering the wrong market, delaying services, wrong investments and more seriously affect the survival of the business. Since most of the business decisions are multidimensional in nature that impacts the whole organisation, decisions cannot be taken based on personal experience or intuition or judgment alone. While decision making, both quantitative and qualitative factors affecting the decisions are to be