Research Question and Hypothesis
Healthcare costs are out of control in the United States and effective ways of reducing costs have not been empirically identified. The citizens of the United States may hold the key to reducing healthcare. With confidence in the US Administration, law enforcement, national policies and Congress waning, people are becoming more negative. If there were a more positive outlook on where the country was going and the citizens felt empowered to make a positive impact for their country, would the number of ailments experienced by an individual decrease?
Five hypotheses will be explored:
1) If a person is considered optimistic, then they will have fewer medical visits, take fewer medications, have fewer
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Psychology & Health, 22(4), 431-455.
Annotation.
This article supports the hypothesis that optimism positively correlates to a reduction in upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms and reported health status and that pessimism negatively correlates to URI symptoms and reported health status. However, the study challenged both optimism and pessimism as being bi-polar opposites as intended by the measurement tool and that optimism / pessimism may not be the personality measure to be tested. They hypothesized that positive / negative affectivity is the personality measure that leads to both level of optimism / pessimism and healthier outcomes.
The tool used to measure optimism / pessimism was the Life Orientation Model (LOT) (Scheier & Carver, 1985), which consists of eight questions: four suggesting optimism and four suggesting pessimism. The tool is graded on a scale that calculates the degree of optimism vs. pessimism assuming the two traits are bi-polar opposites. This study hypothesized that optimism and pessimism are not bi-polar opposites, but rather separate constructs to be viewed individually, similar to previous studies (Kubzansky, Kubzansky, & Maselko, 2004).
In addition, this study hypothesized that if one mediated the effect of optimism on health outcomes by removing the effect of a person’s affectivity inclination, negative or positive, that optimism would not be shown as the correlation variable. Rather the authors hypothesized,
Can being optimistic improve someone’s health? Yes, that’s why the best way people can respond to conflict is by having a positive attitude. Having a bright outlook can not only improve a person’s health but it can save their life and possibly others, just like in Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl and Miss. Breed because these people inspired others and stayed optimistic.
Depopulation was another negative impact that slavery had on Arica. This affected the African culture because the people who were stolen may have fulfilled many societal roles in the community. Africa lost many young strong people who could have been potential traders, philosophers, and skilled laborers. This led to an economic and cultural depletion to the regions. This also slowed the growth of existing populations and halted the development of nations. The younger, stronger people were the highly chosen ones to be taken for enslavement. The opportunities they may have had to raise children of their own within their own culture damaged cultural perpetuation. The trauma of losing young family members, people removed from the social frameworks
Lang, explains through a series of scientific studies that pessimism can sometimes be a better form of seeing life than optimism. Throughout the article studies are being done on different age groups, the youngest group always shows a “sunny” outlook on life while the middle aged group is logical and realistic. Optimism has shown health complications and mental issues in older people (Lang, 2013). I usually do not think negatively about life, but as an improvement I should start seeing life for what it truly is, unpredictable and inconvenient in order to prevent a distasteful lifestyle in the
(Hawthorn, 2015) When placed in negative situations, people have a tendency to believe or hope that the future will get better in order to adjust to it. This hope is essential in encouraging the person to put all their strength forward to bring forth positive change. Health care workers should keep in mind to make sure their patients remain
Optimism can mean the difference in a patient’s outlook. The first example is when I walked onto the unit one day; a family member approached me and told me that it was nice to see a smiling face. That meant a lot to me. Patients and their families both experience hardships and emotional changes when someone is sick or hurt. Leading me to the next example, being optimistic when my patients fear that they may not return to their former state of independence and acknowledging their concerns. Many patients have these valid fears, and being the positive outlook instead of agreeing with them sometimes helps get them to the finish line.
It is important for people to get vaccinated because by getting them you are preventing yourself from getting serious diseases, you also protect other people around you from getting sick and if you have to travel or like to travel its best that you’re vaccinated. Vaccines have saved billions of lives and prevented many diseases and sickness. They are safe medical products and can prevent suffering from these infectious diseases. BY getting vaccines you are preventing yourself from getting serious diseases like influenza, pertussis, and shingles. These illnesses are common and can be spreadable so it’s important to get vaccinated to protect yourself and other people as well. Vaccines can provide protection for a lifetime from these diseases.
As individuals wake-up across the country, every single one of those people is given a choice. All men and women can decide whether or not they are going to make the most out of their day, or if they are going to waste that precious time. Those who face the challenges of each day with confidence and courage are often the same people who demonstrate joy in their day-to-day life. Optimistic people emit a sense of hope and promise. A person produces self-esteem from within; however, it is noticeable from the inside-out. Positivity can easily be recognized by the way one moves, and by the way he or she interacts with others. Happier people tend to move with more enthusiasm, and they are more interactive. When others see these actions, they assume the person is content. Similarly, the emotions of pessimist are just as evident. Hopelessness shows within someone’s face and actions; downbeat people tend to act with a sluggish attitude. Meanwhile, a sincere amount of people does not understand that their mood can affect, not only their day, but their bodies. Masses of individuals are negatively affected, mentally and physically, when they allow a spiritless attitude to overpower their minds and bodies. Instead, they should be hopeful and chipper about the day ahead. All men and women should have an optimistic lifestyle because it leads to happier thoughts, and a healthier lifestyle.
This article shows gender differences from comparative optimism comparing it to personal optimism for experiencing a happy marriage or avoiding divorce depending if it was optimism or comparative optimism. Research
According to Barnett and Martinez (2015) optimism and pessimism are cognitive expectancies in regard to future events. Optimism may be interpreted as having positive expectancies for the future (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994), generally in relation to positive outcomes including higher achievement, greater preseverance, better work motivation, coping with serious disease, and compassion with health threat (Carver et al., 1993). On the contrary, a pessimist see the world by preparing for the difficulty in the future, that encourages them looking for solutions to the problems they expect to happen (Norem, 2003). Research reveals that pessimism could also have a positive consequences on human life (Held, 2004). Norem (2003) has pointed out a type of
In this paper, there are several experiments included and explained. In one of the experiments, the researchers concentrated on the relationship between optimism and a specific medical condition, in this case cardiac patients who were scheduled to undergo an artery bypass
Over the years, the cost of health care has been increasing. Concerns such as inadequate health insurance and access to care are an issue for millions of people (Bodenheimer & Grumbach, 2012). The outcomes of these problems affect the value of health care and also the quality of it. In chapters 8 and 9, it will discuss the concerns of health care cost and some mechanisms into solving these issues. The connection between health care and its cost is to determine what is best for the community. It is not as simple as making one plan and hoping it will be beneficial for everyone.
All types of personality traits have the possibility to have harmful effects on your mind or body, but there are also the benefits that come with most traits. Being optimistic may appear to be an ideal personality trait to most, but having a pessimistic point of view can often be beneficial in many different cases. One example is a long-term study which consisted of 1,528 subjects and lasted over eight decades. This study resulted in proof that the ones who died soonest into the study were actually the ones who were identified as the most optimistic when they were children. Dr. Leslie Martin, who was a co-author on the book about this specific study, stated that, "We were really curious
The premise of this scientific study is that, in addition to the absence of disease, being healthy entails the possession of health assets such as optimism and social support. Such assets help
In 2009, Optimism was created to allow users to have a record of their daily activities which the system would take and show the user how those events affected one’s state of mind. They believed that by letting one see how different patterns in your life impact oneself, the negative parts could be identified and then taken out to improve one’s overall sense of self (Nemko 2015). The app includes charts that are easy to follow and highlight different relationships that may or may not have a positive impact on your life. There is also a Health Plan available that lets you get on track with becoming more
Optimistic and pessimistic attitudes constantly affect the outcome of people's lives. In my life, I try to keep an optimistic attitude about the things I do because I know it will help lead me to more desirable ends. There have been many situations in which optimism has helped me through difficult times. Two areas in particular have provided me optimistic experiences: athletics