Green Film Dino Flatulence

More commonly referred to as “rock snot”, this algae bloom covers the bottoms of water ways with a thick mat. This algae (native to the northern hemisphere) is quickly expanding its range.

Coral reefs exist all over the world and are generally known as being one of the most diverse, intricate and beautiful of all existing marine habitats. They have many varying structures which are developed by algae and are symbiotic with various reef building corals which are referred to as, zooxanthellae (algae). There are many other factors such as, coralline algae, sponges and other various organisms that are combined with a number of cementation processes which also contribute to reef growth, (CORAL REEFS, 2015).

The overall ecology of Mona Vale Beach Rock Pool is that the rock pool is linked to other ecosystems. This is evident in the structure of two tides every day, which change the seawater in the rock pool and bring in different and new organisms from the ocean but also allowing other organisms escape back into the ocean. The tides of the rock pool change the physical characteristics of the pool and its surroundings. When it is low tide, the rock pool becomes a collection of organisms living together in a clearly define place. When it is high tide, the rock pool becomes no more than a small imprint on the rocky seabed.

Algae blooms have been an issue in the Chesapeake Bay, especially in the Baltimore Inner Harbor. Algae is a natural and critical part of the ecosystem, however in large doses it is harmful to the plants and organisms within the ecosystem. Algae blooms can block out sunlight and kill other plants in the water. Algae depends on various factors such as water, nutrients and carbon dioxide to grow. Eutrophication of the Inner Harbor has lead to algae blooms that have caused large fish kills in the past. When there is an over abundance of certain chemical nutrients eutrophication can occur. Runoff from land and farms is the main cause of excess nutrients into the water. The most common nutrients that are related to algae outbreaks are nitrate nitrogen and phosphate. In addition, a lack of dissolved oxygen can also be an indicator for the process of eutrophication and risk of an algae outbreak. A particular type of algae commonly found in Maryland is known as Prorocentrum minimum. Prorocentrum tends to cause “mahogany tides” causing water to be brown and have an odor. There has been a campaign launched by the Healthy Harbor

The GBR is home to around 600 types of hard and soft coral species (according to the GBR Marine park authority), that have been built by animals called ‘Polyps’. These primitive organisms have a symbiotic relationship with the Zooxanthellae and they mutually benefit from each other. Zooxanthellae produce sugars and oxygen via photosynthesis whilst the polyp provides the algae with nutrients. Large migratory animals i.e. The Great whales travel to temperate zones to feed and give birth, on occasions, whales die and their corpses are used as nutrient rich food for other marine life. The remarkable process of coral spawning is a mass reproduction that occurs once every year, when the combination of all the four spheres interact accordingly with one another.

Red algae are the known photosynthetic organisms that live deepest in the sea (as deep as 600 feet). Why do they have a red color when we observe them under sunlight? Red algae is red because all of the blu photons aree bounced back/passed through. (8:05:54 PM) 4.

Foveaux Strait contains unique biogenic habitats that supports an important commercial oyster fishery. Regular surveys recorded stock abundance of target oyster species and bycatch, however little is known about the algae community within this region (Michael et al., 2013). Algae can be an important habitat forming organism. In particular calcifying coralline algae has been demonstrated to facilitate the settlement of many invertebrate larvae, inhibit settlement and growth of other seaweed species and enhance local biodiversity (Nelson, 2009; McCoy & Kamenos, 2015). Coralline algae can survive in conditions not typical of other fleshy algae species such as low light and high sand scouring conditions within the Strait (McCoy & Kamenos, 2015).

Astraea, also known as star coral, are typically in the shape of what can be described as boulders, domes, or cones. However, less often they can be found in the form of flat plates or thick crusts (Great Star Coral, n.d.).. These colonies of coral grow to be up to 2.5 m in diameter. The color of Astraea can vary between green, brown, gray, orange, and red; the coral is more often bright red and orange during the day due to a cyanobacterial protein, which is an essential source of nitrogen (EDGE: Coral Reef Species, 2008). They only move very slightly in an almost, floating-like manner. Astraea can be found in almost all reef environments, and it is usually the most dominant coral at depths between 12 and 30 m (Kluijver, n.d.). These are often the most sedimented areas of the reef, which is where the Astraea thrive, due to their build. The colonies have very steep sides, which allows the sediment to simply, roll off the coral. If there is still sediment that settles into the colony, the polyps will produce waves of movement to remove them. Once again, if this technique is unsuccessful, the polyps will

live and feed in those coral reefs until they are big enough to survive the wide vast of the deep ocean. Warming temperatures are also a death sentence to many species of fish. When I was visiting Port Saint Joe, FL and it’s surrounding area, I noticed that at some places the tide was a tinted yellow, orange and red. It was Red Tide, also known as harmful algal bloom. Simple plants the live in the sea and freshwater grow out of control. These algal blooms produce toxic and harmful effects on people, fish, shellfish, marine mammals and birds. Algal bloom has high concentrations of nutrients from agricultural and urban run off. Red Tide does expand the decomposition of which kills animals by depleting the oxygen levels needed, limits the aquatic plant growth. This was occurring both at the shoreline of Powell Lake in Laguna Beach, FL and the East Bay in Panama City, FL. Off the tip of St Joseph Peninsula State Park, the government agencies were picking up hundreds of dead fish this past month alone. Red Tide could be found in a stretch of miles west of the peninsula to Mexico Beach and east of the peninsula to Cape San Blas.

Polysiphonia is the most common genus of red algae. They are usually red-brown because of the pigment phycobilin, which masks the green of chlorophyll. The alga are typically between 5 to 10 inches in length and attach to stones or as an epiphytic on large seaweed or eelgrass in shallow water. Different species of polysiphonia are indistinguishable without a microscope. Polysiphonia are common in brackish or freshwater in marshes, mudflats, and estuaries in the Northwest Atlantic. Currently, there are 11 known species of polysiphonia in the Northwest Atlantic, including P. arctica, P. brodiaei, and P. elongata. Species of polysiphonia can be found all over the world, in countries like Korea, New Zealand, Bermuda, and Chile.

The combination of these environmental factors has led to some of the most beautiful colors that can only be found in the many corals that live here. Additionally sediments, twice as old as the reef, indicate that the region was once above sea level (Lunar).

Because all light colors do not transmit equally through the water 2. Blue-green light transmits the best through ocean water V. Dinoflagellates A. Most common source of bioluminescence at the surface of the ocean. B. Unicellular protists 1. planktonic C. Cause the ocean to have a sparkling appearance at night D. Emit blue-green light VI. Counterillumination A. Form of bioluminescence used to camouflage 1.

Most of the clams that lived in that particular area were all light-colored, while the algae had a dark green color, which made the clams be easily seen by predators. During this time the clam population decreased. Birds would see the light-colored clams on top of the algae and fly down to grab them. They would then carry them to a

Phytoplankton are the autotrophic component of the plankton community. The name comes from the Greek words φυτόν (phyton), meaning "plant", and πλαγκτός (planktos), meaning "wanderer" or "drifter".[1] Most phytoplankton are too small to be individually seen with the unaided eye. However, when present in high enough numbers, they may appear as a green discoloration of the water due to the presence of chlorophyll within their cells (although the actual color may vary with the species of phytoplankton present due to varying levels of chlorophyll or the presence of accessory pigments such as

Since early 1998, climate change has been demonstrating its effects in increasing the ocean 's temperature (West & Salm, 2003). Warm water stress corals causing the phenomenon known as coral bleaching, by which expulsion of colourful symbiotic algae the zooxanthellae, vital for