Goldfish Metabolic Rate Lab Report

This lab was conducted with the purpose of confirming the trait of homeostasis among goldfish. During the experiment, it was recorded that the fish would increase gill movement when placed in colder water two out of the three trials. However, the results showed no significant difference in gill movement in various temperatures of water. This has very little effect on the broad field of science since our only three trials were performed and may have included human error in the trials.

Behavior of Brine Shrimp in Habitat Selection Introduction: This experiment was developed primarily to find the optimal or preferred living conditions of adult brine shrimp. In this lab 3 variables were tested in different degrees to determine which the shrimp prefer. The different variables were light, ph, and temperature. From outside resources I have found that brine shrimp can survive in temperatures ranging from 4° Celsius to 40° Celsius with an optimal temperature of 20°-25°. So I hope to reinforce this research by testing its validity in the lab. From another outside source brine shrimp display positive photo taxis, which means that they are attracted to light. And finally from my last outside source I have found information that

Referring to the experiment`s hypotheses that the A. franciscana prefers light, temperatures between 20-24 ̊ C, and a basic (pH 8) environment; the results regarding the first treatment, light, were initially vague. According to the experiment results, the A. franciscana did not show a clear preference towards light or dark because both sections contained high concentrations of them; the A. franciscana also strayed from the uncovered section. Several factors may shed light on the results such as the A. franciscanas physical appearance; they possess three light-sensitive eyes that can adjust to both low and high light intensities (Fox, 2001). This means that although they may prefer light they can survive in darker habitats as well; relating back to the experiment the A. franciscana may have been content with wherever they were, resulting in limited movement.

To determine the metabolic rate of a goldfish two different methods can be applied, direct or indirect calorimetry. Direct calorimetry analyzes the exothermic reaction when ATP is produced by measuring the amount of heat that is released. Meanwhile, indirect calorimetry measures the amount of carbon dioxide or oxygen because both are components of aerobic respiration, a process which repeatedly supplies more ATP to match the demands of metabolic rate of an organism. Evidently, metabolic rate is the cumulative sum of energy used by all the cells. Most of this energy comes from regulating homeostasis, locomotion and thermoregulation. On the other hand, ectotherms like goldfish have a slight difference in their metabolic rates because their internal temperature directly correlates with the temperature of their environment. For this reason, ectotherms use less energy because they do not need to worry about thermoregulation, maintaining constant body temperature. However, temperature, size, amount of light and stimulus are factors that can affect metabolism of goldfish. Thus, this experiment will measure the metabolic rate of goldfish through in

Table 2: Mann-Whitney U statistical testing for the difference in average heart rate of Daphnia before and after the addition of aged water:

To begin the experiment, we took a single Daphnia magna from the unused tank to run control tests with distilled water on the untampered heart rate of the species. The species was placed on a concave slide with a new drop of water on it. It was given 2 minutes of recovery time to adjust to its new environment; then, the heart rate was studied by intervals of 15 seconds to find beats per minute by multiplying the number of beats in 15 seconds by 4. The Daphnia magna was studied under a light microscope with 40x total magnification. After each round of data collection, the water was absorbed with a Kimwipe so a new water drop could be placed on the species. The same Daphnia magna was used for six rounds of control experiments. After

For both treatments, the number of Daphnia consumed during the 0-5minute interval is more than the amount of Daphnia consumed in the last 25-30 minute interval (Figure 1). The null hypothesis expects Guppy (Poecilia reticulate) to feed equally in the absence and in the presence of the plastic aquatic plant, therefore any deviance between the means of the two treatments is due to chance; the null hypothesis is rejected, the mean total number of Daphnia consumed in the presence of the plant (4.2) is significantly different from the mean total number of Daphnia consumed in the absence of the plant (14.2) (Two-sample t-test, t=3.28, df=8,

In this experiment, an oxygen-measuring probe was attached to an oxygen chamber in order to quantify oxygen consumption rate, which served as a substitute measure for metabolic rate. The oxygen-measuring probe provided real-time measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration present in the chamber water. The oxygen chamber was sealed to create a closed system so that over time, the oxygen levels would decrease as the goldfish respired and consumed the oxygen present in the water. The software LoggerLite was used to record real-time DO concentration measurements.

For the initial set-up of the experiment, two plastic beakers, each containing approximately 200mL of fish water, were individually weighed and recorded. The selected model organism for the experiment was the Carassius auratus, most commonly known as the goldfish. Each beaker was then filled with two pairs of evenly-sized goldfish and reweighed. These weights were then subtracted by the previously recorded weights to provide an approximation of the combined weights of each paired goldfishes. An oxygen chamber with a built-in probe was then filled with 200mL of fish water. The first pair of goldfish was added, along with the 200mL of fish

14. Evolutionary theories often emphasize that humans have adapted to their physical environment. One such theory hypothesizes that people should spontaneously follow a 24-hour cycle of sleeping and waking—even if they are not exposed to the usual pattern of sunlight. To test this notion, eight paid volunteers were placed (individually) in a room in which there was no light from the outside and no clocks or other indications of time. They could turn the lights on and off as they wished. After a month in the room, each individual tended to develop a steady cycle. Their cycles at the end of the study were as follows: 25, 27, 25, 23,24, 25, 26, and 25.

Temperature had a direct effect on oxygen consumption of crayfish, Orconectes propinquus. Crayfish acclimated to warm temperature (20 to 25 C) had a mean mass of 8.25g +/- 1.05. Crayfish acclimated to cold temperature (3 to 5 C) had a mean mass of 10.61g +/- 0.77. Oxygen consumption rates of 30-60 minute treatments were used and there was no significant difference between the two different treatments (t=0.48, df=58, P=0.70). The data from 0-30 minutes were not used because the crayfish were disrupted by transportation and the data were not normally distributed. The Q10 value was 1.05, representing that there was full compensation for oxygen consumption for the crayfish at two different acclimated temperatures. The oxygen consumption of crayfish was not affected significantly by two different temperatures (Figure 1).

At the conclusion of the experiment, the two hypotheses were reviewed. Because the water temperature did affect the normal respiration patterns of the goldfish, the null hypothesis was disregarded and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. From the results of this experiment, it was concluded that although other environmental factors could play

Since the creation of the United States government, political lobbying has played a large role in influencing the creation and modification of laws. The act of lobbying is to solicit or try to influence the votes of members of a legislative body (Dictionary.com). There has always been controversy surrounding the political lobbying system, due to the potential of corruption through bribery. Two important pieces of legislation became laws as a result of this controversy. The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 and the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 were created to prevent potential abuse within the political lobbying system.

On January 21st, 2009, Barack Obama stepped up to the podium after millions upon millions of people chanted his name. It was the first time that an African-American took office as the President of the United States. He presented a historic message of hope and change for the future of the United States of America, given that it was a change of presidency in those excruciatingly unideal times. During his inaugural address, he had to state the most important issues that America was currently facing at the time and his plans on fixing those issues to the American public. He reassures the public about the changes that he was planning to employ within his presidency by contrasting different ideas, emphasizes America’s issues and his solutions through anaphoras and varying sentence structure, and convinces the American public that he is capable of addressing America’s issues through his use of strong diction.

Incivility is defined as, any type of disruptive classroom behavior that shows disrespect or a disregard for the instructor and fellow-students. There are many different uncivil actions that can take place in a college setting. Some being more serious than others, but ranking any type of behavior is subjective to the professor and the peers enrolled in that specific course. Teachers create a syllabus touching on classroom rules and behaviors that are expected throughout the semester. Technology, mostly cell phone and laptop use in the classroom-becoming commonplace, there is almost always a section dedicated to this topic.