Over the past few years of global economic instability, most governments have struggled to find adequate funding to continue providing the much-needed resources to the members of their state. Consequently, this has translated to significant budget cuts and the introduction of strict austerity measures at unprecedented levels.
Where this all becomes incomprehensible and outright unacceptable ethically is during these tough economic years, multinationals such as Apple, Amazon and Google continued to post record profits yet were able to employ complex tax planning strategies to avoid or reduce their tax obligations significantly. Ultimately, these actions refer directly to base erosion or profit shifting (BEPS). It is apparent international mismatches in tax policies have become the center of attention for governments globally who are seeking much needed revenue stream solutions to improve their financial state. Taxation has often been that default “stream” and there is, for legitimate reasons, finally a committed effort in combatting BEPS.
A particular area of concern being addressed in the OECD’s BEPS framework centers on cross border transactions involving hybrid financial instruments. The central issue that forms the discussion is the differing treatment of a financial instrument for tax purposes among contracting jurisdictions . A common difficulty in the taxation of hybrid financial instruments stems from the continuous financial engineering of these instruments by
Theodor Seuss Geisel, the very famous author, cartoonist, and publisher, was born on March 2, 1904, in Springfield, Massachusetts. Being the creative mind behind over sixty books, Theodor Seuss Geisel had a wide, extraordinary imagination. Better known as Dr. Seuss, Mr. Geisel has been well known by not only children, but adults all over the world for generations.
9. The Internet company Google managed to avoid $2 billion in international income taxes in 2011 by moving a hefty sum of its revenues to subsidiaries in Bermuda, according to CNBC, which cited a report by Bloomberg.[1] The search giant reportedly stashed $9.8 billion in revenues to its shell company in Bermuda — which doesn't have a corporate income tax — last year allowing the company to shave its overall tax rate by almost 50 percent. Google's Bermuda move was disclosed in a Nov. 21 filing by a subsidiary in the Netherlands. While the company's move to shift funds to the country was legal, it could spur the growing global criticism of corporate tax
Throughout years large American industrial companies have been running away from U.S. taxes, but there has been a new change. Companies such as Apple and Google have been affected by a change foreign countries are going through collecting higher taxes than before. It seems as if no longer can these companies get away with paying low taxes. This is happening because the European Commission have passed an order to collect high taxes. One example is Ireland who was ordered to collect fourteen billion dollars from Apple, which brought a surprise to this company. Companies have run out of places to run and pay one percent or less of taxes in foreign places, instead of paying back home.
In recent years, more than twenty major American companies have left the United States and moved overseas to take advantage of lower tax rates, taking with them jobs and investments (Allen, D). The recent surge of interest in United States corporate inversions has triggered calls for Congress to put an end to the practice. A corporate inversion is when an American company merges with a foreign business and moves the combined business’s headquarters to the foreign country. Inversions are a problem because they are a symptom of a broken tax system that is hurting the United States economy. Furthermore, with the strict laws concerning inversions, some companies opt to direct profits to their foreign subsidiaries to take advantage of lower
The main objective of many companies is to minimize their tax obligations. Jeffers (2014) discussed the reason of why companies adopt tax inversion strategies. The researcher indicated that the income maximization is a major reason of companies attempting to reduce their tax liability (pp. 100-101). Tax inversion strategies provide companies an advantage to lower income tax rate. Today, U.S. corporations renounce its U.S. citizenship and move to low-tax countries. Companies that reincorporate oversees are not obligated to pay U.S. taxes on earning income (p. 99). Many countries implement tax competition strategies to attract and retain businesses. Well-known companies, such as Exxon Mobil, Hewlett Packard, Tyco, General Electric, PepsiCo, etc. take benefits of tax shelter opportunities overseas (p. 102). Other benefits of the jurisdiction abroad are flexible banking laws and simplified litigation processes.
• As previously stated in the executive summary, the United States’ economy is currently stagnating. From week to week we may see a rise in one indicator while there is a fall in another indicator, but none of the rises or falls are drastic enough to have an overwhelming impact on the economy as a whole. Although the economy is not near as strong as it was before the 2008-2009 recession, arguably one of the biggest economic crises of the past decade, there has been much growth and strength throughout the past few years with this year being the first year in which the economy is in somewhat of a holding pattern. I believe, that even with the little growth and movement of the United States economy over the past year, it is still perhaps one of the strongest economies in the world at the moment.
When it comes to financial stability, how stable would you consider yourself to be? The truth is, the majority of people are not really sure which of the economic class systems they fall into. Many believe they are better or worse off than they actually are, not truly knowing how the other economic classes live (Francis). Economy is defined as the system in which goods and services are produced, sold, and bought in a country, along with the careful use of money and resources (Economy); based on this definition, it is safe to say that economy is very closely related to the financial status of a country. Over the years, the United States has accumulated more debt than any other country in the world, therefore meaning that its economy is decreasing. So with all of this being said, how important is having a good financial status? The financial status of a country generally determines its allies, trade items and cost, and likelihood of coming out a war successfully. Since the United States and its citizens are becoming financially unstable, the public needs to focus on improving the country’s economy because the United States needs to reclaim its authority and power.
The USA is the leader of the earthly concern economy. It has the largest and strongest economy in the world, because United States has GDP per capita $49,800 (The World Factbook). The USA is an engine of world economy, the reason of changing and permutation of economic situation. The United States of America very strongly influences world economy. Many international and world transactions pass in US dollar. The increase and fall of dollar changes all world economy. All technologies and the newest technicians become and checked in America. Because of this essay will learn about the influence of the USA economy on the world economy. This essay seeks
However, the introduction of such a law becomes increasingly difficult when the companies being questioned are some of the largest and wealthiest in the world. In order to truly understand the stature of these companies, one would need to look into some of the statistics regarding them. Remarkably, according to Al Jazeera America “the largest 500 U.S. companies would owe an estimated $620 billion in U.S. taxes” if they had to declare all their overseas stockpiles, of around $2.1 trillion (“Al Jazeera America”). In addition, it found that “three-quarters of the 500 biggest companies utilize tax havens”. The top three offenders included Apple, General Electric and Microsoft. In many cases according to the report, the money is not being utilized to improve foreign economies. By this they mean to say that, U.S. businesses were not using their overseas profit to build factories and employ individuals. Instead, the overseas profit was a result of accounting tricks purposely implemented to benefit the business alone. To put all of this in perspective, the United States is losing billions of dollars to foreign economies. These taxes are being introduced into countries such as Ireland and Luxembourg. In other words the money that should be invested in the United States of America on public services, is being
Statistics on prison matters are some of the known facts in the United States of America. For example, the current populations show that 1 out of every 100 citizens in America are incarcerated. Economic and social stability in law has been one of the major goals of the government in the United States of America. The population increases, there are also high chances in which the number of prisoners are likely to increase. The United States is increasingly developing strategies that would be used in ensuring the sustainability in prisons has been achieved. According to such explanations, the rehabilitative programs have been implemented as the best of alternative in restoring sustainability in prison. They represent all the efforts that are aimed at developing the prisoners in various ways in order to maximize success. Though many people view this action as an invalid strategy, I tend to agree that rehabilitative programs are the best alternatives in restoring sustainability in prisons.
Apple Inc. is one of the companies implementing tax minimization strategies to lower taxes. Apple received a lot of criticism from various parties (media, governments, and international organizations). It is because the estimation of tax savings from the company are very high as its worldwide earnings are so high. Apple set up new companies in tax havens country and shifts the profit to those companies. This article will give an explanation on how Apple Inc. lower its taxes through international tax minimization strategies.
The United States today is a paradox, where corporations prosper despite the dire economic state of the rest of the country (Reich, 519-520). This paradox continues to remain true, despite any individual effort a person may make. As Robert Reich, a political economist and professor at Berkeley concludes, this is because the workforce is shifting from the manufacturing industry to service jobs and mostly, jobs that require college degrees(519-521). Presently in the U.S., one 's competitive position in the world economy is starting to depend one’s function, and in this environment, the rich prosper (Reich, 519-520). In response to this situation, many now view a college degree as a key to success, and are seeking out higher education.
The actions of multinational corporations (MNCs), which derive from their morally dubious goals, may be completely legitimate within a capitalist society. One of these actions that will be examined in this essay is the use of tax havens, as a way of avoiding higher tax liability. This paper will utilise the case study of Apple’s tax avoidance, in examining the legitimation of a company’s goal of profit maximisation, a goal that is against the moral/social consensus
The United States is currently experiencing a slow recovery from the recession of 2008-09. The current unemployment rate is 7.7%, which is the lowest level since December of 2008 (BLS, 2012). However, this rate is believed to higher than the rate that would occur if the economy was operating at peak efficiency, and it is also believed that there are structural issues still underpinning this performance. For example, the number of Americans who have exited the work force as the result of prolonged unemployment is believed to be higher than usual. In addition, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO, 2012) notes that long-term unemployment of greater than 26 weeks is at a much higher rate than normal, which will have adverse long-run effects on the economy, since workers with long-term unemployment often find their career paths derailed.
The Earth’s population is growing rapidly leading to a state where human population exceeds the Earth’s carrying capacity. Thomas Robert Malthus was the first economist to start the theory of population and the idea of overpopulation. He wrote his views and explanation about population and its consequences in his essay on “Principles of Population” which was published in 1798. The book explained the relationship between food and population, and their growth patterns. His views on the theory of overpopulation and its impact influenced many political economists and earned economics the label of the “dismissal science”. Malthus was concerned by the condition of poverty in the British cities during his time and the increase of population in the industrializing societies. The main idea of Malthus theory was to maintain balance between the population growth and the food for human existence, as the human population tends to grow quicker than the power in the earth to produce subsistence.