Geography Sba on Coastal Features

Hastings was chosen as an area to investigate coastal management because they had three types of hard and soft engineering. Secondly, it has a tourist industry that can be investigated. Thirdly, it has Shoreline Management Plan so the plan can be evaluated. Lastly, it Ties in with tourism and coastal parts of GCSE syllabus that are familiar and understood

Seawalls are also strategies that Cronulla and Collaroy implement on their beaches. However, the seawalls in Collaroy are buried under the sand and are only visible after large-scale erosion events. Whereas Cronulla beach’s seawalls are visible and reduce the scenic

12. In the Figure 5 profile, the coastline is within a few kilometers of the western end of the vertical cross section. From the coastline, water depth increases very gradually to about 40 m at 140 km from shore (western end of the profile). This segment of the vertical cross-section resembles the continental [(rise)(slope)(shelf)]

Newhaven is well known for having a harbour arm built in 1890 and is 700m wide. The harbour stops any sediment from moving further and protects river Estuary from any longshore drift damage. The harbour also allows boats to preserve their acess to the river Ouse. Longshore drift occurs when waves approach the coastline at an angle of 45°. The sediment is then carried up the beach (Swash) at the same angle. The wave then moves back down (Backwash) at 90°. This results in a zigzag motion along the beach which transports and deposits sediment along the coastline. The formation of the cliff depends on erosion or weathering, the three main types of marine erosion include abrasion, attrition and hydraulic action. The two significant types of weathering in coastal areas are corrosion and wetting/drying. As a result of longshore drift, the sediments and shingle is transported from the sea and tends to be depostited on the oppersite side of the harbour arm. The beach is used mainly by locals of pleasure and lesuire. predict that the cliff will be

The beach is a sand spit that stretches 2.8km long, linking to the sandstone of Sutherland Point at the east. Also the eastern side of the beach is the site on which captain cook first set foot on Australian soil in 1770. The beach is surrounded by various oil refineries and import terminals along with multiple houses that are alongside the road. There are a total of 13 groynes that have been placed in in the 1970’s to stop long shore drifts. At the end of the 13th groyne there is a jetty that stretches out for 1km that has been placed for the oil refinery. During the investigation both primary and secondary sources were discovered of the Silver beach at Kurnell. Focusing on the effects of pollution of the particular area, data was collected on the development and outcomes given from pollution. On the route to the beach there happened to a large industrial site rising many points regarding pollution, which will be discussed further

At Nudgee Beach, erosion was found to have occurred on the edges of the mangrove forest and along the mudflat shorelines. Erosion is typically influenced by natural factors and occurs when pieces of weathered rock or soil are moved – typically by wind and water – from one place to another. Shorelines with lots of sediment and sand are more inclined to be effected by erosional progression. Erosion may also be provoked and accelerated by human interference. For example, if the decision to clear trees and plants from an area is made, erosion is likely to occur as the root systems of plants work to hold the soil in place. If these root systems are removed and erosion does occur, environmental conditions – such as; landslides and flooding – are more likely to take place. Erosion may also cause other plants to tip over, have their underground roots exposed and damaged and contribute to the pollution of local waters; as a result of mud and soil runoff [26]. Erosion at Nudgee Beach was likely to have been influenced by natural factors; however, the development and extension of the Kedron Brook golfing course may contribute to the acceleration of erosional processes and further damage the mangrove

First Coast, also known as Northeast Florida, is located on the Atlantic coast, comprising of five counties surrounding Jacksonville: Duval, Baker, Clay, Nassau and St. Johns. It extends past the southern end of Anastasia Island to Marineland. The name “First Coast” originally appeared in a marketing campaign in the 1980s, and has its origins as the first area of Florida to be colonized by Europeans. Ponce De Leon is believed to have landed in the First Coast region during the early 1500s on his first expedition. In the 1560s, the French established the colony of Fort Caroline in what is today Jacksonville. First Coast is not only known for its historical significance, but it is also the state’s best-kept secret as vacationers paradise, that

* The sand dunes on the beaches. This area is affected by wind erosion as well as the tides if adequate vegetative cover is not present. The main type of erosion, from the sea, takes the sand from the sand dunes as well as the rest of the beach in a rip. The sand is then pulled out to sea where it forms a sand bar. On calmer days, the sand is brought back to the beach.

Natural disasters are considered harmful in terms of coastal management and can often cause years of work to be wiped out. It can take large amounts of sand from the beach and remove plant life. Collaroy Beach has been a victim of such natural disasters. A large storm back in 1945 caused Collaroy Beach to empty out a large percentage of its sand and damaged many structures. Collaroy Beach’s local council, Warringah Council, has taken action to prevent storm damage in the future. A revetment wall has been established on the sand dunes so waves do not cause as much damage to the dunes behind. Warringah has also purchased properties that were residential and cleared them, so that a storm will not damage as many structures.

How effective are the coastal management strategies used at present in your local beach area?

There are 2 types of beaches. One is erosion dominant and the other is deposition

This report will discuss the beach of Glenelg on the coast of South Australia. Aspects that will be elaborated on are the history of Glenelg, the location, natural processes that affect Glenelg, human impact at Glenelg, stakeholders in Glenelg, summary of management strategies that have been employed in the past and an evaluation of strategies that could be considered for the future management for Glenelg.

This leaves the sand dunes more susceptible to erosion causing blowouts and disrupting the succession of vegetation in the area. This has been a problem at Studland Bay in Dorset on the south coast of England. Persistent human leisure activities on the dunes has led to substantial erosion in some parts of these dunes which has meant that Management programs have had to been introduced by English Nature. Sand dunes help absorb the pounding of high waves and reduce overwash flooding in storms.

Wave cut platforms are another feature of an erosional coastline. Along coastlines with cliff edges that sit about the shore these features are apparent they look like gently sloping areas of landnear the shore just above sea level. (Chambers, 2007) These benches and marine terraces are the product of wave action eroding the rock at the base of the cliff until the cliff cannot support itself on its new foundation and crumbles into the sea. Over time the collapsed land will have much of the smaller debris eroded away and much of the remaining rock or earth will be somewhat smoothed over to create a gentle slope to the water. (Chambers, 2007)

Rogue waves are particularly prominent off the southern coast of South Africa in the imaginary boundary between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans on the edge of the Agulhas Current where one’s chance of encountering a rogue wave is estimated at about 3.1% per hour (Perkins 328). These waters are not only geographically complicated but also highly dynamic in that the current flows from the northeast while prevailing winds in the area blow from the southwest (Perkins 328). This opposition creates winds striking the faces of tall, current-driven waves, thus increasing their height. However, rogue waves are also prominent in South America despite drastic differences in sea conditions there. Data from the region suggest that rogue waves can also occur in relatively calm seas. Researchers found rogue waves when the significant wave height was 12 meters as well as when it was only 50 centimeters (Perkins 329). In addition to South Africa and South America, scientists have determined that rogue waves are also more likely in Norway and parts of the Pacific Ocean (BBC par. 6).