Genu Valgum Case Study

Start and End date of each service: Valdimir entered care with SAFY on January 13, 2017. Valdimir was discharge on June 5, 2017.

Health History: A 25-year-old male injured his left knee in a recent skiing accident. The patient stated that he lost his balance because the inner edge of his right ski got caught while skiing. This resulted in the right leg being externally rotated followed by and audible “pop” as he lost footing. By evening, the right knee joint had become swollen, causing intense pain. The primary care physician referred the case to an orthopedist.

Valpak likewise perceived the need to utilize a Kanban procedure for maintain the business endeavors, rather than Scrum, which is utilized for exploratory advancement, on the grounds that the requirements are altogether different.

Rickets is seen during periods of rapid growth because during growth a great deal of vitamin D, phosphorus, and calcium are needed. “The predominant cause is a vitamin D deficiency, but lack of adequate calcium in the diet may also lead to rickets. Although it can occur in adults, the majority of cases occur in children suffering from severe malnutrition, usually resulting from famine or starvation during the early stages of childhood” (Rickets, 2007). If a child is severely lacking theses important vitamins and minerals when they are rapidly growing, then the body will compensate for the nutrients’ deficiencies. “Your body senses an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus in your bloodstream and reacts by taking calcium and phosphorus from your bones to raise blood levels to where they need to be. This softens or weakens the bone structure, resulting most commonly in skeletal deformities such as bowlegs or improper curvature of the spine” (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2006).

#2. Tiny Tim had an illness which rendered his walking to be difficult without a crutch. The disease he was believed to have been diagnosed with, was a combination of rickets and tuberculosis. Rickets, also known as osteomalacia, is a disease that is extremely rare. There’s fewer than 1,000 US cases of it per year. Rickets is caused by a deficiency in Vitamin D, which creates a softening and weakening in the bones of children. Tuberculosis, also know as TB, on the other hand, is only just rare. There’s currently fewer than 200,000 cases of it per year. Tuberculosis is caused when a person with such disease coughs or sneezes, and it infects another person. This disease infects your lungs, which causes coughs (sometimes blood-tinged), and some pain when breathing.

Focus: Valdimir’s family will be able to utilize coping skills to manage Valdimir’s inappropriate behaviors in diverse setting. Ms. Smalls (MHP), Valdimir, and Mrs. Bryant (MHS) discuss Val’s adjustment to the home.

2). In addition, this disease causes death, short stature, blindness, and hearing loss. “Seventy percent of children with malignant infantile osteoporosis die by the age of six years, and almost 100 percent do not live to the age of 10 years” (Stocks et al., p. 2). The main cause of death is bone marrow failure, due to non-functioning osteoclasts. Some children will also have delays in muscle coordination, nerve compression, low levels of iron, crossed eyes, tooth decay, abnormal hardening of the bones, and fractures. (“Osteopetrosis,” 2008).

Infants start out with bowlegs because of their folded position while in their mother's womb. The legs begin to straighten once the child starts to walk when they about 12 to 18 months. By age 3, the child becomes knock-kneed. When the child stands, the knees touch but the ankles are apart. By puberty, the legs straighten out and most children can stand with the knees and ankles touching without forcing the position. Knock knees can also develop as a result of a medical problem or disease, for example: Injury of the shinbone which mean only one leg will be knock- kneed, Osteomyelitis which is a bone infection, Overweight, and Rickets is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin D.

In the mid sixteenth century Rickets, a bone deforming disease was first described by F. Glisson in children who started to migrate to city centers due to industrial revolution1. The implication of exposure to the sunlight in the prevention and cure of this disease was first recognized by Sniadecki in 1822 2. Later these observations were extended by Palm in 1890 who concluded that rickets in children was due to the lack of sun exposure and promoted the systemic use of sun baths to prevent rickets3.

The volume of rickets-related cases has been increasing internationally, and malnutrition persistently remains to be the leading cause. Malnutrition, amongst children diagnosed with rickets, occurs as a result of food insecurity due to unavailability of food, lack of access to food and poor utilization (due to a person's inability to select, take-in and absorb the nutrients in the food). Clinical social workers can and should always discuss the importance and, or the possibility of parents attaining a living wage to combat this illness. Medical social workers must presume roles as educator, facilitator, researcher, advocators amongst the interdisciplinary team to ensure optimal care for patients and to assist the family as they aim towards

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that involves defective development of the connective tissue. The collagen production found in bones and other tissue is affected by a gene mutation. It is also known as “brittle bone disease.” Osteogenesis Imperfecta is inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait. It is characterized by abnormally brittle and fragile bones that are easily fractured by the least amount of trauma. OI affects both boys and girls the same and one out of 10,000 live births have been confirmed with the disease. There are four types of IO, they are type I, type II, type III and type IV. With type 1 being more common in infancy with a normal life expectancy expected. This paper will discuss the physical signs of OI, how this disease is often mistaken in child abuse cases and the nurses’ role in caring for the child with OI. (Ball, Bindler, & Cowen, 2015)

Osteoporosis is not just an adult’s disease; there is such a thing as juvenile osteoporosis. It’s most common in children ages 8-14, but can hit younger children going through growth spurts, as well. There are two types of juvenile osteoporosis: secondary and idiopathic. Secondary osteoporosis can be caused by a variety of other medical conditions, such as diabetes, celiac disease, kidney disease, leukemia, and cystic fibrosis. Idiopathic osteoporosis is far rarer and there is no known cause.

There are numerous factors that contribute to the development of this horrible disease, but the most important factor is vitamin D deficiency. When the minerals in osteoid crystallize, they require adequate concentration of calcium and phosphate. When the concentration is not at the correct level, ossification does not proceed normally (Huether & McCance, 2008). Vitamin D regulates the absorption of calcium from the intestine. When there is a lack of vitamin D, the concentration of calcium begins to fall (Huether & McCance, 2008). The body begins to regulate this calcium drop by increases the amount of PTH synthesis and secretion (Huether & McCance, 2008). An increase of PTH causes a clearance of phosphate and without the correct levels of phosphate mineralization of the bones cannot proceed in the correct manor (Huether & McCance, 2008). The abnormality of bone growth can occur in spongy and compact bone (Mayo

In Europe doctors prescribe vitamin D for infants to prevent those kinds of problems, and also they recommend daily walks in the sun. That is why the children in Europe don’t have rickets as often as in United States. The doctors here depend on the vitamins that are in the formula, but it is not enough.

In 2010, the Veterans Administration (VA) developed and launched a virtual education site called the VA Learning University (VALU). The Veterans Health Administration is one of the largest health care organizations in the world with over 320,000 employees. Because of the large number of people that are employed with the VA, it needed a flexible education program that was real-time and web-based that will be able to meet the practice, licensure and academic needs of its employees.