Gastric Lavage Synthesis

UMass Lowell EMS currently carries five different types of medication on their trucks: Aspirin, Narcan, Glucose, Epinephrine, and Albuterol. Technically, oxygen is listed as a Basic Life Support (BLS) medication, but is not listed as it is readily available in the air. EMT-Basics (EMT-Bs) were able to use activated charcoal for ingestion poisonings, but are currently no longer legally allowed to do so. Activated charcoal was used to treat many types of ingestion poisonings such as phenobarbital and carbamazepine. But, it is not effective for a number of poisonings including: strong acids or bases, iron, lithium, arsenic,

In the sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards, Edwards delivers an intense six hour speech in a very calm demeanor. The message he gives is so powerful that he is able to capture his audience's attention without showing any enthusiasm. Edwards uses powerful diction and pathos to scare his audience into becoming faithful puritans.

Intravenous Naloxone reaches the brain two minutes faster than intranasal Naloxone, which could be the difference between life or death. However, through an I.V., 100% of Naloxone reaches the brain. On the other hand, Strang, McDonald, Tas, and Day discovered that when intranasal Naloxone is not administered at a 90 degree angle or the nasal cavity is blocked with vomit, Naloxone gathers at the back of the throat and is swallowed by the Naloxone recipient (576). This means that when intranasal Naloxone is administered, Naloxone has to be administered repeatedly to fully reverse opioid overdose. Often times, intranasal Naloxone is followed by administration of intravenous or intramuscular Naloxone. While using intravenous and intramuscular administration, there is no way to slow the absorption of Naloxone.

Trauma patients often present paramedics with difficult situations to handle. These patients most likely have multiple injuries that the paramedic must treat including internal and external injuries. The main concern in treating trauma patients is controlling the pain that the patient may be experiencing while not compromising the patients hemodynamic and respiratory state. The most common drugs used in pain management in the pre-hospital setting often cause undesirable side effects, such as respiratory depression, hypotension, apnea, and bradycardia. All of these side effects combined with a trauma patient who is already compromised can lead to a much bigger issue. What if there was a drug that could treat the pain, calm the patient, and not cause the nasty side effects of traditional pain management? Ketamine provides us the answer to this question.

Administering orally is not recommended because it has a rapid first-pass rate which causes inactivation of the drug. In protein binding, Narcan is weakly bound to plasma proteins mainly albumin. Plasma albumin is the major binding constituent but significant binding of naloxone also occurs to plasma constituents other than albumin. In distribution Narcan is rapidly distributed in the body and is also very lipophillic and easily crosses the blood-brain-barrier. It can also cross the placenta. The duration of action in distribution depends on the dose and route of administration. The quickest effect is noted following an IV injection, the onset of action usually occurs within two minutes. If administered through IM or SQ, the effects will begin within two to five minutes. Narcan is metabolized in the liver and primarily undergoes glucuronidation to form naloxone-3-glucuronide. Metabolism of Narcan is dependent upon the route of administration as well. An IV dose of Narcan will last for approximately one hour. The IM and SQ injections will continue their effects for several hours. The serum half-life of Narcan in adults range from 30 to 81 minutes. Narcan is excreted as a metabolite in urine within six hours. It does not matter if Narcan is taken on an empty of full stomach because it has poor bioavailability in the gastrointestinal (Drugs.com,

Daily cardiac ultrasounds were done from the first day to the last dose of treatment. During the course of treatment, the duct was observed to close at a faster rate in the paracetamol group (p=0.016). A high confidence interval of 95% with a mean of 177 hours ductal closure for paracetamol-treated group while confidence interval of the controlled group was 388 hours (p=0.045). The therapeutic serum range of paracetamol was also measured with no evidence of adverse effect (Harkin, Harma, Aikio, Valkama, Leskinen, Saarela, &

A fifty eight year old female patient was diagnosed with cancer and was due to start chemotherapy in hopes of shrinking the tumour; however, the chemotherapy would make her extremely sick so she was given anti-emetic medication intravenously at the same time as her chemotherapy drugs. Emesis is the act of vomiting, and vomiting is defined as the forceful involuntary emptying of the stomach contents through the mouth and, sometimes, the nose (Ratini M, 2014).

First you need to get the time that it was ingested. Get evidence that it’s what the patient actually ingested. Contact poison control. Consider the use of activated charcoal. Place the patient on the cardiac monitor. Get an IV started, and hang a 1000 bag of normal saline. Transport and monitor the patient for any changes. Once arrival at the hospital they will do diagnostic tests that include, liver function test, coagulation studies, check acetaminophen levels, and measure electrolytes. The patient will then be given IV or oral N- acetylcysteine (NAC) which is an antidote for acetaminophen overdose. If given within eight hours of ingestion, and before the glutathione stores have depleted, any severe hepatic injury can be avoided. However long it has been, the patient will still receive the antidote. It will continue until symptomatic and laboratory improvement occurs, liver transplant or the patient dies. Even if the patient is pregnant, or allergic to it. If allergic to it, the antidote will be stopped, the patient will be given some type of antihistamine, and then once the allergic reaction subsides, will go straight back at it, more than likely with the opposite

saline solution, the patient triggers an injection of a potent sedative, sodium thiopental, to put

In any usage, ketamine should be given on an empty stomach to help prevent possible vomiting and aspiration.

These medications have evolved and changed due to availability in the past few years. Cost has also had an impact on what medications are available to a dying patient. A patient self-administers an oral liquid suspension or a powdered mixed with a soft food such as applesauce. The mix of medications include barbiturates, chloral hydrate, and morphine which are compounded into a single dose prescription to facilitate death. Premedication is required prior to taking this final dose. The most common barbiturates are phenobarbital, pentobarbital or secobarbital. Phenobarbital is the longest acting and is typically used for seizures. Pentobarbital and secobarbital are used to sedate prior to surgery and are not as long acting as phenobarbital. Barbiturates effect the central nervous system. They are classified by their how long they take to effect and their duration of action. Barbiturates increase GABA (gaba amino-butyric acid) neurotransmissions in the brain. The increase in GABA causes drowsiness. They are highly addictive, and patients may become tolerant. The addiction is not an issue when a patient has reached this stage and does not need to be a concern. More importantly, if they have used them during the disease process as a sleep aid the patient may have built a tolerance and would require a higher dosage to be effective. Barbiturates do not provide pain relief, to provide pain relief a patient would need to reach a dose high enough to cause a comatose state. Chloral hydrate is a sleep aid or tranquilizer prior to surgery. This medication is quick

Vomiting gases are used for riot-control or harassing agents and are only meant to irritate. "The body attempts to counter the irritation either by secreting fluids or by initiating reflex actions, for instance, vomiting," (Rose, 1968, p. 20). It is the incapacitating nature of these responses that gives vomiting gases their harassing effects and name.

is given by the physician that helps the patient to die. Within next five minutes of taking in

Illegal Immigration is a huge problem in the United States. It has been a huge debate in our country over the last few years. Some people think that they should be deported but others that Immigrants should stay because the U.S. benefits from them. Studies have shown that over half of the agriculture workers in our country have been unauthorized and from Mexico (Source 1). Over half of our fresh products, they have helped out in. Illegal Immigrants have helped us in our

Global Supply chain and transportation is a major backbone in the global economy in North America. A secured Supply chain can be referred to as the efforts to enhance the security of the supply chain, transport and logistics system for the world's cargo. There are various threats such as terrorism, piracy, and theft. Railway transportation occupies an important role in the transport system of North America, industries and global trading because the development of trade, industry and commerce depends on this mode .This business report stated the major security programs applied by North America Government to secure supply chain after the attacks of September 11, 2011, which will enhance cooperation among their border officials on security issues relating to industries and global partners.