Gas Vs Paper Chromatography

(a) (3 pts.) This video discusses 3 different types of chromatography. List each one mentioned, and describe their differences in as much detail as possible (your points earned will be proportional to the level of detail in your discussion). Which one was used in this lab demonstration?

Background: Paper chromatography is one method for testing the purity of compounds and identifying substances. Paper chromatography is a useful technique because it is relatively quick and requires small quantities of material.

The similarities between column and paper chromatography is that both have a stationary and mobile phase. The stationary phase in the paper chromatography is the paper, and in the column is the sodium bicarbonate. The mobile phase in the paper chromatography is the movement of the solvent, .3% NaCl, and the column is the different solutions added. Column chromatography is basically the same as paper chromatography, except that the dye solution would have to be added individually rather than being able to do it all at once, like it does when using chromatography

This purpose of this lab is to use gas chromatography to identify unknown compounds. In this lab, six known substances were first tested for their retention times to be used as standards when figuring out the three substances contained in a known mixture. The vernier mini gc in this experiment, just like all the other types of chromatography, have both a stationary and mobile phase. With this instrument, the stationary phase is a metal outer column and the mobile phase is the atmospheric air, which is how the vernier mini gc works. This instrument is used alongside a computer to be able to obtain the readings of the injected substances and shown as peaks on a chromatograph. The specific time it takes for a substance to exit the chromatography

Oparina/Miller hypothesis theorized was because of absence of free oxygen, chemicals, and so on could shape inorganic mixes for emerged on this planet.

After wearing the gloves we obtained a chromatography vial from professor and label it with my and my peer initials. We dried up the chromatography vial in fume hood and added 1 ml of chromatography solvent to the vial. Then we took a chromatography strip and measure it 1.5 cm with ruler from one end of the strip and drew a line with pencil we cut two small pieces below the pencil line to form a pointed end. We applied spinach on the strip using quarter to rub the spinach leaf on the line that we drew on the strip and put it into the chromatography vial and placed that in fume hood. We observed as the solvent was moving up the chromatography strip by capillary action. When the solvent was reached approximately 1 cm from the top of the strip then we removed the cap from the vial. We took out the strip from the vial using forceps and marked up the location of the solvent front because it evaporates quickly. We measure out the distance as well as the pigment in order to find out the rf value. Moreover we compared rf values to the one in reference list in order to identify the

Introduction Thin-layer chromatography, also known as TLC, is a principle that describes how various compounds travel multiple distances when placed as a thin layer on a plate. TLC is a technique that can be used to determine how many components are in a mixture. TLC can also be used to determine a specific compound in a mixture. After performing TLC, the retention factor (Rf) can be used to determine a specific compound in a mixture. The retention factor (Rf) is During TLC, there is a step called elution.

It can also determine whether drinking water meets legal purity requirements. Presently the vast majority of the legal researchers are specialists that get pieces of information from the wrongdoing scene. Culprits regularly don't plan out a robbery or burglary and thoughtlessly abandon unmistakable hints that permit an agent to track them moderately effectively. Regardless of the possibility that the criminal is extremely cautious all through their wrongdoing, there will be some hint of their vicinity at the wrongdoing scene. There are numerous ranges of legal sciences, which incorporate general wrongdoing scene examination, criminological science, scientific toxicology, measurable pathology, hereditary fingerprinting, and chromatography.

Rebuttal 2: Can help solve crimes by collecting blood or saliva. Using forensic tools is a good way of having evidence. This is because the DNA has molecules that does not fade away easily. Meaning that the DNA can still be useful even if the sample was from a long time ago.

The following procedure dealt with a chromatogram. The materials needed are: a pencil, safety goggles, scissors, chromatography paper strip, capillary tube, spinach plant pigment extract, test tube, cork stopper, graduated cylinder, chromatography solvent (alternative isopropyl alcohol), metric ruler, stopwatch or clock with a secondhand, hook/fashioned paperclip, paper towels, test tube rack, and mortar and pestle. First we obtained a strip of chromatography paper and cut it so it would fit inside a test tube (with it barely touching the bottom of the tube). Also, when touching the strip, touch the sides only. Then we attached (firmly) the top of the strip to a hook (or fashioned paperclip at bottom of the cork stopper). Make sure it fits in the test tube. Next we used the pencil to draw a faint line across the strip two centimeters from the bottom tip of the strip. We placed the cork and strip in place, and we put a mark on the test tube one centimeter below the top of the stopper.

Pigments extracted from different greens have different polarities and may be different colors. Mixed pigments can be separated using chromatography paper. Chromatography paper is able to separate mixed pigments due to their polarity and solubility. Pigments of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and beta carotene will be separated on chromatography paper because each has its own polarity and solubility, which results in different distance traveled up the paper. Beta carotene is non-polar so it travels the highest distance, followed by chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll b is the most polar; therefore, it travels the shortest distance. The separated pigments on the chromatography paper can be eluted in acetone and absorbance spectrum is

Residual solvents are defined as organic volatile impurities that may remain in active Pharmaceutical substances, excipient or medicinal products after processing. During the manufacturing processes, the solvents are not completely removed. The solvents may be used to improve the yield in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical substances besides imparting characteristics of crystal form, purity and solubility. Residual solvents do not have any therapeutic effect. Therefore, efforts should be made to remove them to the extent possible to meet the specification prescribed [2]. Gas chromatography method has been developed to find out the purity of acetone, dichloromethane, methanol and toluene. Using this technique, the major contaminants of each

The scientific and technical literature of forensic science and criminalistics focuses on those laboratory methods used to examine and interpret physical evidence collected from the scenes of crimes. After all, it is the information that can be derived from the physical evidence that drives the physical evidence collection and examination process. Scientific laboratory techniques hold the potential of developing information from the physical clues left at the crime scene that can assist in determining what transpired at the scene and who was (and was not) involved.

A gas chromatograph (GC) is an analytical instrument in which measures the content of a variety of constituents within a sample. The analysis in which a gas chromatograph is operated is called gas chromatography. Figure 1 below is a basic representation of the instrument and the following statement is a simple representation of the overall process of a GC:

     Liquid chromatography is an analytical technique that is useful for separating ions or molecules that are dissolved in a liquid phase. If the sample solution is in contact