GAS TRANSPORTATION METHODS
Natural gas is a clean and environmental friendly energy source which is estimated to constitute a major part of world energy consumption in the coming years. Usage of natural gas is increasing due to its relatively cheaper costs than diesel or gasoline. Transportation and Storage falls under the final stage of Oil and Gas processing where it gets transported to the end user for further use in industry, plant or any other facility. Transportation of natural gas remains as a challenge due to its isolated reserves throughout the world. Natural gas has more problems in transportation and storage when compared to other forms of energy such as petroleum, coal etc. The main reason is due to the energy density of natural gas which is low at ambient temperatures and pressures (Kidnay et al. 2011). So in order to transport the gas by pipeline, its energy density has to be increased using high pressures. Another problem of Natural gas due to its low energy density, lies in its storage. Natural gas is highly volatile and sophisticated storage facilities are to be provided to prevent any hazards. Therefore natural gas has to be transported continuously to the end user avoiding reasons for storage. When there is less demand for its usage, natural gas has to be converted to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and then stored.
Otherwise transportation of natural gas is carried out in different ways such as:
1. Pipelines
2. Compressed Natural gas (CNG)
3. Liquefied
Over the years Brownsville, Texas has been in the process of industrializing and coming up with ideas to do so. Recently, Brownsville has proposed to build a Liquefied natural gas, “(LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4) that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport” (Project).
Recently, scientists discovered the use of Shale oil as an alternative to natural gas and propane. Technological advances have made heating cleaner and more convenient. Gone are the days of chopping down trees or shoveling coal into a furnace to keep ones family warm. However, heating with natural gas and propane have come with a cost. While both propane and natural gas have been determined to be a very clean in regards to emissions (emitting between 30-45% less CO2 than coal and oil) obtaining the gases from the earth is not an environmentally friendly process.
W hy does everyone care so much about natural gas? Why is it such an essential part of modern culture? Sure, it's an exciting and up and coming technology, which is fuel for the technological generation that we've grown up in, but we need to take a closer look to see the methods and impacts that could affect generations after us.
Majority of the data available online is either too biased or not peer reviewed and hence misleading to the readers. Natural gas is a very valuable resource and can be combined with engineering innovations to vastly improve human life. For instance, natural gas can help enhance energy efficiency by making the methane and ethane conversion process more effectual and economic. Also, natural gas can be used to generate hybrid high-temperature fluids for cleaner sources of energy such as solar thermal as well as natural gas powered systems for effective cooling and heating applications.3 In this age of technology, it is extremely important to discover ways to augment the potential of natural gas while taking the environmental implications into consideration. Sustainable ways should be developed to generate cleaner and more efficient energy while still embracing the economics benefits of the industry. While considering economic benefits of the hydraulic fracturing industry, it is also of utmost importance to consider those who are residing in areas of current or future shale gas operations for detrimental effects to their health and
Natural gas exploration began in the late 1940s’ to extract the natural gas located in underground reserves. The process consisted of digging a vertical well into the ground to release gas trapped in relatively
Natural gas is considered to be the most important natural resource nationwide and considerably plentiful in the United States but developing it has always been a challenge. Fracking technology has made it possible to drill both vertically and horizontally to tap into natural gas reserves that were previously inaccessible. This techniques that has been around since the 1940’s has reformed energy production worldwide.
As a usable energy source, natural gas really only has one disadvantage when compared to oil, gas or coal, but it is a major disadvantage. It is very difficult to store and transport due to its low density (“Uses”). If the transport or storage system is not properly sealed off, there can be risks of a leak. Additionally, since natural gas is a non-renewable energy fossil fuel, its availability is limited, its extraction is also damaging to the environment as it leaves large, unsightly craters (“Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Gas”). Finally, although it may emit less carbon dioxide than other sources of energy, it still emits a substantial amount compared to
The Pardoner’s tale epitomizes an exemplum as it encompasses characters, events and objects that appear in the number three. In addition, the context of the poem is consistent with that of an exemplum as it includes a test of the characters’ moral fibers, which results in their destinies. Such test, ultimately inspires a just ending that punishes evil. Finally, the mysterious guide, apparent in the form of an old man, is demonstrative of the poem’s classification. Characters, events and objects evident within the Pardoner’s Tale occur in the number three.
Not only is natural gas delivered through pipelines but crude oil, refined gas and hazardous liquids are often transported through pipelines as well. The safety protocols listed for natural gases can be followed for these types of pipeline materials as well.
Natural gas is said to be one of the most popular forms of energy today. In the past, often
When Donald Trump announced that he intended to run for president, no one took him seriously; however, President Trump became the center of attention after a few short weeks. While there are many people who believe Donald Trump will better our nation, there are just as many who think he will destroy it because Hillary Clinton has more political experience. However, experience is not always good experience. In March of 2015, the media came across an email scandal. While Hillary Clinton served under President Obama as Secretary of State, she used her family’s private email server for official communications that violated major rules, and at the same time allowed the Benghazi crisis to occur right under her nose. President Trump is also bashed by individuals who believe he will corrupt our government because he is not a good politician, but due to his
Most of the natural gas transportation in the USA is done through 305,000 miles of transmission pipelines. Existing LNG degasification facilities allow for limited international trade of LNG (Table 2). Due to free market pricing when natural gas cost less in summer period, gas-storing facilities are widespread over the country including more than 400 underground storages and 113 LNG peaking facilities (EIA, 2008).
The United States is currently the second-highest energy consumer in the world (Duke 2015.) As the need for energy grows, the need for a clean energy source becomes more urgent. Natural gas, which makes up 24% of the world’s energy source, is promoted as a cleaner energy alternative. Of course, there are pros and cons to this source.
The present career episode provides a brief overture of my project COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GTL AND LNG AS GAS UTILIZATION OPTION which was done as part of my graduation B.Eng. in Petroleum Engineering, at Federal University of Technology, Owerri, in the duration of 2007- 2011.
Mother Nature gave us natural resources to patronize and natural gas is one of them. Small quantities of ethane, propane, butane and pentane are found in the natural gas composition but it is mostly made up of methane. The high volume of pipeline gas makes it difficult for it to be transported in its gaseous form. This is the reason why the oil industry is dominating because of how easy it can be transported. Pipelines are suitable for transporting pipeline natural gas but constructing the suitable infrastructure is very expensive and not technically feasible for global transportation.1 In addition, for you to be able to make it in the gas industry you need trading partners to buy your natural gas. Having said that, one can deduce that the only way to make a