Functional Residual

The Ventilatory threshold was reached at 5 minutes or stage 3 for patient 92 C. The ventilatory threshold is important because it indicates the point at which the blood lactate acid increases non-linearly. It indicates that there is an increase in the lactate acid level in the blood as well as the excess carbon dioxide (Kenny et al., 2015). The increase in carbon dioxide will stimulate chemoreceptors to increase ventilation. The ventilatory threshold is related to the anaerobic threshold which refers to the increase in carbon dioxide and indicates that the body has shifted towards anaerobic metabolism (Kenny et al., 2015).

The presence of fluid in the alveolar space could potentially cause the lung capacity to be effected as well.

Data: Pulmonary function testing dated 2010 showed moderately severe obstruction with positive bronchodilators response. Normal lung volumes. Evidence of air trapping. Severely reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.

FEV 1 (%) will decrease as the airway radius is decreased. FEV 1 (%) is

1. During exercise: TV will increase. 2. During exercise: IRV will decrease. 3. During exercise: ERV will increase. 4. During exercise: VC will not change. 5. During exercise: TLC will not change.

Total lung capacity :Is the sum of the maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible inspiratory force. approx. 5800 ml

➢ The patient may have no respiratory problems, but may still have inhaled carbon monoxide.

With CF people lack the special enzyme to break up mucous. Without the mucous breaking up the person cannot breathe because the lungs are filled. In life the body cannot function with enough oxygen.

Both rapid, shallow breathing patterns and hypoventilation effect gas exchange. Arterial blood gases will be monitored and changes discussed with provider. Alteration in PaCO2 and PaO2 levels are signs of respiratory failure. Patient’s body position will be properly aligned for optimum respiratory excursion, this promotes lung expansion and improved air exchange. Patient will be suctioned as needed to clear secretions and maintain patent airways. The expected outcome is that the patient’s airway and gas exchange will be maintained as evidence by normal arterial blood gases (Herdman,

Technology can be a helpful resource when used correctly. In Fahrenheit 451, people are using technology as a weapon. The tv was the enemy. It was responsible for replacing literature, opinions, and curiosity. It has taken away relationships with friends and family.

According to the American Journal of respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, predicting the disease progression of CF is not as easy or a one risk factor

After the United States developed the atomic at the end of World War II, interest in nuclear technology increased exponentially. People soon realized that nuclear technology could be used for electricity, as another alternative to fossil fuels. Today, nuclear power has its place in the world, but there is still a lot of controversy over the use of nuclear energy. Things such as the containment of radiation and few nuclear power plant accidents have given nuclear power a bad image. However, nuclear power is a reliable source of energy because it has no carbon emissions, energy is available at any time, little fuel is needed for a lot of energy, and as time goes on, it is becoming safer and safer.

As a community nurse, identify the risk factors for Thi and his physiological conditions, age, environmental barriers, medication effects and these factors makes his life in risk. For doing a nursing assessment, firstly identify age related changes, risk factors and functional consequences on Thi. Hunter, (Ed). (2012) states that the functional consequences theory is based on person age, health of older adults and emphasis on the concepts of wellness, health promotion and holistic care. A clinical reasoning skill requires care and to make a decision on patient’s complex health and this skills will develop through practice and experience (Levett-Jones, 2013). Recent researches shows that more than 75 years old being male, who is living alone,

Spirometry is the most popular lung function test. The patient performs a maximal inhalation and then forcefully exhales as quickly and as long as they are able. The spirometer measures the volume of the air exhaled by patients. These measurements are taken at two intervals. The first measurement is the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), records the volume of air exhaled after one second. The second measurement is taken at the point where the patient has fully exhaled the volume of inhaled air; this measurement is the forced vital capacity (FVC) (Harpreet Ranu et al.,

Exodus shows God’s deliverance and fulfillment of His promise made to Israel. After the death of Joseph, a new Pharaoh oppresses Israelite by enslaving them and throwing their newborn boys into Nile River. However, one Levite woman puts her baby boy into a basket and floats him into the river. The daughter of Pharaoh finds and raises the baby naming him Moses.