For many years, the architecture aspect (ideas and elements) from the Roman and Greek were borrowed in the Philadelphia’s buildings. One popular building that was label to be a “Greek Revival Style in America” according to Thomas U. Walter from the text book of Philadelphia Architecture A Guide to the City is the Founder’s Hall at Girard College. Founder’s Hall is the only building that many Philadelphians or tourists can experience a similar expectation as one of the Greek’s temples. There are a lot of differences with a few similarities with the Founder’s Hall to the Greek Temples. The three temples that will partake this analysis and comparison to the Founder’s Hall will be the Parthenon, Temple of Athena Nike and Temple of Hera.
The Founder’s
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Parthenon, on the other hand, which is on the top of the sketch floor plan is oriented to East and West with an overall size 101 feet wide; 228 feet long, approximately 60 feet to peak of pediment with a column height 33 feet high. Another difference between the Founder’s Hall and the Parthenon is the orders of the exterior columns that are equally separated from each other. The Founder’s Hall use of orders for exteriors is the Corinthians, for which in the fact sheet #19, “The Corinthian capitals are eight and a half feet high, and were carved in four sections.” As for the Parthenon, Doric was used for the exteriors because as stated in the text, “Doric, the sturdiest, was based on the proportions of a man……originated on the mainland of Greece” , which it is true. The Parthenon is located in mainland Greece (Acropolis, Greece). The difference between a Corinthian order and the Doric order is that Doric on the top of the column has a very detail sculpture. Corinthian has a smooth surface. Additionally, Temple of Hera also use the Doric order. Furthermore, about the columns, the column diameter at base for Founder’s Hall is 6’-0” with the spacing between is 21’-6” with no corner contraction. For the Parthenon, it is 6’-3” with the spacing between 14’ with corner
Both the Greeks and the Romans made a number of contributions to western culture in the field of architecture, many of which can still be seen to this very day. Architecture played a pivotal role in both the religion and daily life of ancient Greek society. The Greeks produced some of the world’s most enduring architectural monuments, many of which are still standing today. These include the Parthenon, the Temple of Zeus, and the Temple of Poseidon. Perhaps one of the largest contributions of the ancient Greeks to western civilization in regards to architecture was their development of the three fundamental architectural systems of design, the Doric, Iconic, and Corinthian orders. The following excerpt from an article
In terms of the monuments themselves, the Parthenon and the Lincoln had many similarities and many differences. For instance, both of the monuments were designed in the Greek temple style. They both hold Doric columns-the Parthenon had 86, while the Lincoln Memorial had 36 columns. Although there are many more columns in the Parthenon, the Lincoln Memorial has much larger columns. Doric columns came from the Doric order, a style of architecture that contains columns, a beam or
The Parthenon, built around 490 BCE, was one of the most explicit structures created in the Classical Era. Made from marble, it measures roughly 228 feet long and 100 feet wide, huge in comparison to the Pantheon which is located in Rome. The Parthenon was constructed and dedicated to the goddess Athena, while the Pantheon
The Parthenon at the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, built between 447 BCE and 432 BCE to honor the Greek goddess Athena. The Parthenon located in the acropolis is located on the top of a big hill. This could be a tactic to protect the structure from invaders, however, this is also symbolic of wanting to be closer to the gods, in this case closer to Athena. This great architectural piece made of huge slabs of marble creates a sense of grandness only the gods deserved. The architect included relief sculpture of larger than
The Parthenon is created as an optical illusion. It appears to consist of straight lines but in fact, almost every surface is built to lean and curved from its columns to its foundations. It gives a unique insight into the best that ancient Greek sculptors could produce at the best period of Greek art. The Parthenon is a Doric peripteral temple; it consists of a rectangular floor plan with a series of low steps, and a colonnade of Doric columns. The three main types of columns used in Greek temples and other public buildings are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Many of the sculpture
The Parthenon was an amazing and expensive achievement of ancient Greece. Although it is mostly in ruins today, there is enough knowledge about its construction to allow others to recreate the structure. The Parthenon is often constructed not only to honor the ancient Greeks, but also to honor the culture and place where it is recreated. Although the Parthenon’s influence is tremendous throughout the western world, it is generally only faithfully represented in part- the nearest representations found during my research include the Walhalla and the Nashville Parthenon. This paper focuses mostly on the original building’s history and its influence on American architecture, with a short discussion on a site in Germany. Research was conducted through the use of our course’s textbook, our consortium library, and educational websites. After my research was concluded, I became particularly fascinated with the golden ratio, which is debated to have been used during the construction of the Parthenon. I would like to research this in future work.
During the rule of Pericles, the rebuilding of the Parthenon took place. Along with Ictinus, Callicrates and Phidias are credited in the designing of the Parthenon. The Parthenon was completed in 432 BCE. It took fifteen years of construction. The Parthenon was built not only to give thanks to Athena, but was also a sign of power. Ictinus and Callicrates wanted the structure to represent the Doric order. They wanted everything to be proportioned and to look as perfect as possible so they used the golden section; also called the golden rectangle or golden spiral. The golden section is from the golden ratio of 1.618. It can be used to
in architecture of the times. Several elements of the Parthenon follow nature-based models. The rectangular shape of The Parthenon was derived from the Golden Ratio of 5:8, which can be seen in some flowers and nautilus seashells. The drums of The Parthenon?s columns also have natural characteristics. Their diameter is similar to the height of man. Plato?s view of compensation making The Parthenon ?less real? can be contradicted with the nature based models that were used to construct it.
The Athenian Greeks at the height of their power built a temple called the Parthenon which was a monument to their core values of perfectionism, humanism, and rationalism. It is important to understand that the human eye has imperfections which deceive the mind, so one can understand the unique steps that were taken to achieve the illusion of perfection to the human eye. The Greeks loved perfection, and as seen in the Parthenon, the Greek architects purposely made the Parthenon imperfect to account for the imperfections in the human eye. This was done so that when one views the Parthenon with the naked eye, it appears to be perfectly symmetrical, straight, and proportional. The entire Parthenon does not have a single right angle. An example of the Greeks compensating for the imperfections of the human eye is seen in the base of the Parthenon, which from a picture or in real life looks perfectly straight, but in reality it is actually curved slightly upward. It is curved because the Greeks knew that if you have a perfectly flat base for a building, it appears curved to the human eye. To account for that, the Greeks made it so that the base was already curved. The Greeks also curved the columns of the Parthenon inward, because if the columns were straight, it would appear to be curving outward. Again, the Greeks knew about how the human eye deceives the mind, and decided that they must trick the eye to please the mind. This was all done because the Greeks strived for
As opposed to a customary 6x13 peristyle, the Parthenon has 8x17. Clearly, this marks a major difference in the size of the temple, both in width and length. [IMAGE]There are six Doric columns on the pronaos, which is a porch and another six columns at the back of the opisthodomos, which is the back room. As well as these columns, there are Doric columns inside the main room which is also known as the cella. These columns are two tiered which offers a solution to the fact
Greek architecture has been commonly looked at as the building of democracy, often time people associate the post-and-lintel building element with the Greeks. However, the Romans used post-and-lintel system in their architecture too. One of the ways of distinguishing which building belongs to which civilization, is simply looking at the style of columns used. There are three post-and-lintel styles, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Greeks mainly used Doric and Ionic columns in their architecture. “The Parthenon is often viewed as the embodiment of Classical Doric architecture” (97). The
The columns, which are the strongest support system of the structure, are enormous. T Nashville Parthenon has a total of 58 exterior columns–8 at each façade, 15 on each side, and 6 on both front and back porches. The order they take is neat and near perfect; they are all evenly spaced. The six porch columns are parallel to the façade columns, as are both of the lengthwise sides to each other. Known as an entasis, the columns become slimmer as they go upward. This is done so that the naked eye does not see a “slouch”, but a more pleasing, straightening effect to the visual aspect of the Parthenon. Up close, one can see the flutes of the columns, which are ellipse-shaped. If you look down the length of the structure, everything appears to be extremely calculated and flawless. It is very directional and almost like a “light at the end of the
The Corinthian order columns are the most extravagant type of column. It was the last column to be developed by the ancient Greeks. The Greeks did not really use this type of column to its full potential, but the ancient Romans did (“Ancient Greece” 3). Some examples of monuments or building that used the Corinthian order consisted of the temple of Zeus at Athens. It was probably the most notable of the Corinthian temples (“Ancient Greece” 3).
The Greeks created three different architectural orders for columns. The three orders were the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders. The Doric columns was the Greeks first architectural order. Although it had a simple capital and no base, it was the widest among the three orders. The Ionic columns had a more detailed capital that was in the form of a double scroll. The Ionic columns also had a base unlike the Doric order. The Corinthian column had a capital that was sculpted with flowers and leaf designs. The Corinthian column also had a base, but it is the tallest among all three orders. With these three orders Greek temples were built lager with more features since the stone columns can withstand more weight. These three orders also gave Greek architects the flexibility to add more sources of light to their
The temple of Hera at Olympia, built about 600 BCE, had wooden columns that were gradually replaced by stone ones, probably as votive gifts. The variety of column and capital shapes illustrates the evolution of the Doric order. The earliest columns had a heavy, bulging profile, and their capitals were broad and low. During the archaic period, limestone became the standard building material for foundations, steps, walls, columns, and Doric entablature. Building such as the famous Temple of Aphaia on Aegina illustrate the dramatic influence of the Doric order.