Discussion Question One Hugo Münsterberg was a pioneer in applying psychology to many areas outside of a laboratory. In his clinical work, Münsterberg sought to treat the symptoms of abnormal behavior, rather than discover what may have created the reasons for the symptoms (Hergenhahn & Henley, 2014). In this way he differed from others in this time period, such as Freud, which he did not seem to agree with. Münsterberg was the first that we know about to apply methods and principles of psychology to dealings of law, thereby bringing about forensic psychology (Hergenhahn & Henley, 2014). He used psychology in many aspects of legal matters, including interrogation by police, the fallibility of eyewitnesses, and even detailed a machine to detect …show more content…
Münsterberg believed that a woman’s primary duty was that of mother and wife, however, he actively supported Mary Whiton Calkins in her educational pursuit and believed that there were cases in which exceptional woman should be allowed to follow a non-traditional career (Hergenhahn & Henley, 2014). Münsterberg also described Calkins as his most able and skilled student he had ever presided over, but then he also decried women’s involvement in the United States when it came to academic and social growth (Hergenhahn & Henley, 2014). Hall was no better in his inconsistent views about women. He was very adamant in his belief that a woman’s role should be that of mother and that coeducation was to be avoided; at the same time, he was head of Clark University which was open to both male and female graduate students (Hergenhahn & Henley, 2014).
The contradictory views of women seemed to serve the United States during World War I and World War II. When the workforce was in drastic need of more people, women were readily accepted to bridge the shortfall, however, when each war was over women were expected to return to their previous roles of wife and mother (Bryant, 2002). In this way, the conflicting viewpoints of men like Hall and Münsterberg seem to have been mirrored
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Behavior that is harmful, unrealistic thoughts and awareness, emotions that are incongruous to a situation, and behavior that is erratic or unpredictable are persistent characteristics of mental illness (Hergenhahn & Henley, 2014). Acts that harm either an individual, or another person, and which do not conform to cultural or societal values are generally seen deviating from normal behavior. This is also true of emotions that do not fit with a certain setting or cultural venue. An example would be public executions, since at various times in history such an event would sometimes be viewed as a time for frivolity or at least a superficial interpretation of death. In many current societies this would be seen as departing from normal behavior. The main factor of whether or not unpredictable behaviors or improbable beliefs and observations will be seen as abnormal largely depend on the degree to which they are displayed. At times, leaders and visionaries are seen as unpredictable or have a belief that is not supported by the rest of society, but how much these thoughts or behaviors are seen as deviate will
“Temporarily at least, the war caused a greater change in women's economic status and outlook than a prior half century of reform and rhetoric had been able to achieve.” ”The Federal government encouraged housewives to join the workforce as a patriotic duty.” Once they needed the women to work for America,it was promoted through various forms of propaganda that taking on the male's role was the best thing to do. “Immediately after the war, the percentage of women who worked fell as factories converted to peacetime production and refused to rehire women.” It was expected that the women were going to keep their jobs, even when their men had come home, but instead the women were fired in order for men to be hired.
During WWII, the two-breadwinner vision of the family suffered further setbacks. As May puts it, women entered war production, but they did not give up on reproduction..Economic hardship was no longer a barrier to marriage, as it had been in the 1930s, and dependents' allowances eased the burdens of families if the breadwinners were drafted. But perhaps most important was the desire to solidify relationships and establish connections to the future when war made life so uncertain. (May p.59-60) While the culture venerated female workers, it also promoted a return to domesticity after the war, a return encouraged by the gender bias of the GI Bill. Meanwhile, men were encouraged through pin-ups and propaganda to believe they were fighting for their own slice of the domestic, consumerist good life.
The changing roles of women throughout history has been drastic, and none more so than the period during and after World War II. The irrevocable changes that occurred once the war started and women went to work were unprecedented.
Many people have never considered what women were doing in WWII when their husbands left to fight. Their lives weren’t easy or normal during the war. Women had to work just as hard as men, sometimes even more so. In this essay, I will discuss the position of American women before World War II, during the war, and at the end of the war.
A few roles of women prior to the World War I consisted of cooking, cleaning, and caring for the children. These were the basic fundamental jobs that women were expected of women to do,” (Campbell 1) .During this time men were the sole base of the household income, and the head
World War II contributed heavily to a change in American society and women’s roles in the early 1950s. Previously, women were considered subordinate and many men did not have positive attitudes about them. However, Women played crucial roles during World War II, both in the household and in the workplace. Not only did they surrender “their sons, husbands, fathers, and brothers to the war effort, they also volunteered their time, energy, and a few even gave up their lives”.
Undeniably, the outlook of women in the workforce changed following the advent of World War II. Traditionally, the role of caretaker of the house and home was assigned to the woman. Society and institutions facilitated, accepted and supported this way of thinking and way of life. Working outside the home was considered "a man's job". A woman expressing an interest in being anything other than a homemaker and wife was frowned upon. Accepted was the notion that men are better laborers and a woman could not perform at the same level as a man and therefore are undesirable candidates for work in the office or in factories. When America entered in the Second World War, the role of women as primarily stewards of the home was forever changed. As men answered the call of duty, they left behind a void not only in the hearts of their loved ones but also in the workplace. During this time not only were vacancies found in the work that once employees turned soldiers left behind but also we witnessed an increase of labor need for specific industries, such as those that supported the wartime efforts. Women entered the workforce in droves, filling the much needed void in the offices and the factories. Women become the soldiers on the home front and once the war was over, there was no erasing the progress women made in proving capable and ready to hold gainful employment outside the home. This paper addresses women in the workforce,
Gender roles of labor opportunity for women were changed as the outcome of World War II. Before the hardship war, women were seen as “stay at home” mothers according to Historpedia in the article of “A Change in Gender Roles: Women’s Impact during WWII in the Workforce and Military”. A stereotypical perfect American family would be that the men were obligated to bring home money from work and the women in the family were obligated to raise their children and do house chores. As the United States joins in the war, women were brought into factories to help produce war production as the men were sent off to serve the military, states Historpedia. In the factories, women were producing airplanes, warships, munitions, tanks, and even working started in technical and scientific fields as well.
The World War II soon changed the role of women. Women were allowed to do jobs in the military, and did the men’s work in higher careers. They tried to fight with their freedom and proved their responsibilities to the public. The idea that a great number of women worked in place of the men who had gone to war was resisted for a number of reasons. This resistance
World War II was the catalyst that changed the opportunities available to women and eventually the way they were regarded as a viable workforce. Suddenly women throughout the United States were pushing themselves to their limits to support the war effort. Women were fulfilling jobs and responsibilities that many previously believed to be impossible for their gender. Opportunities were opened in steel plants, ammunition factories, and even the United States military. As the war progressed the number of male workers declined dramatically. Society had no choice but to turn to the mothers, sisters, and daughters of our nation for help. The results for each woman varied
Within the pages and creases of history books lay the lives of those before us. Women, if anyone, were the ones who were most underestimated and their capabilities were neglected. Women at first were not recognized. Their place was at home; cooking, cleaning, and taking care of children was indeed all that was there for women. They could not be involved in any way amidst their society. Then World War II occurred. Aside from the image of pilling corpses, deafening shots, and the fear of vindictive souls, came the beginning of a new era for women. As thousands of men were enlisting in American forces, millions of women replaced them in their jobs and even in their line of duty. It was women who were now soaked with sweat along their aching backs.
How must it be to live in a criminal mind? How must it be to completely loose the sense of normality? I heartily believe that Forensic Psychology holds the key which opens an entire world of psychopathologies, mental deformities, twisted thoughts and repressed needs of bestiality. Besides letting you sink into the most dangerous minds, it gives you the armament to combat everything hiding in there- knowledge.
Forensic (criminal) psychology is a job field that deals with both psychology and law. The field has experienced dramatic growth in recent years due to the role of popular movies, television programs and books popularizing the field. Often these individuals are depicted as vivid components in solving vicious crimes or timing out a criminal’s next home. While these depictions of certainly entertaining, yet these portrayals are not necessarily precise. Forensic psychologists play an instrumental role in the criminal justice system while applying psychological principles to the legal system. The crossover of the two spheres is best decided in the Encyclopedia of Psychology,
As field, psychology was born of ancient philosophy and philosophers, and began to take root and grow in the 19th century (Candalis &Neal, 2014, p. 20). Psychologists started working with, and within, the courts in the early 1900’s (DeMatteo, Krauss, Marczyk & Burl, 2009, p. 185), however, the first big strides for forensic psychology were not made until 1954,
From time immemorial, man has been fascinated with behavioral deviations from the normative particularly in the context of crime, or more generally, morality. In fact, classical playwrights and novelists such as Shakespeare and Dostoevsky owe their literary success to their incredible ability to glare into socially and morally deviant minds and weave stories around them. We see a similar trend today. Much of primetime television is filled with shows that have experienced psychoanalysts chasing sophisticated and grossly deviant criminals or some variation of this general theme. The general public tends to relate to the job of a forensic psychologists to that of a cat chasing a mouse. Forensic psychology, however, is a far less