In a developing country, such as Egypt, misuse and/or lack of foreign exchange is a main constraint to investment and economic growth, as foreign exchange is necessary to obtain foreign intermediate and capital goods. In addition, lack of foreign exchange results in devaluation of the Egyptian pound, which considered the main cause of inflation in the Egyptian economy.
4. Financial System and Economic Development Goals
This section examines the efficiency by which the Egyptian financial system allocates and directs savings to achieve economic development goals.
4.1Efficiency of Utilizing Savings
As mentioned before, carrying-out investments is the cornerstone of any economic development process. While savings are the main resources in the process of carrying-out investments, then it is useful to measure the efficiency of utilizing savings (the ability of savings to carry-out investments). In this context, savings are considered inputs while investment spending is considered the output in the process of carrying-out investments.
A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology will be used to estimate the investment spending (output) frontier for the purpose of calculating the efficiency of utilizing savings (input) (Coelli T. J, 1996). Appendix (3) illustrates the results of output-orientated DEA for the production of single output (investment spending) using a single input (savings). The analysis shows three concepts of efficiency: Over all technical efficiency, pure
The death penalty is procedure conducted by the government by which a person is put to death as a punishment for a crime. The crimes that can sometimes carry the death sentence in places like the US are war crimes, treason, murder, crimes against humanity, espionage and genocide. 103 countries as of today have fully removed the death penalty except for special crimes e.g. War crimes. Although this is a step in the right direction (for most people) 56 countries are known to perform the death penalty.
A measure of efficiency can be produced by analysing the total surplus for a given market; this is seen by subtracting the total cost from gross consumption benefits. The higher the level of total surplus the more efficient production
Basketball is one of the most followed collegiate level sports. With over 55 million fans that watch the sport on television alone, college basketball’s ad revenue is higher than all other postseason sports. While the NBA postseason only makes around $536 million on ads, over $1 billion is spent on ads during the postseason of college basketball. I, along with several other people, believe that with this amount of money being made on ads alone, colleges would be more than able to pay their players. However, these college basketball heroes end up gaining no money from their games.
Investment is one of the three factors of output within a closed economy. It can be Business, Residential and Inventory investment, increasing in volatility. The optimal investment in a given period depends upon the real user cost of capital, expected shadow-price of capital and the adjustment costs, costs that increase greater
The historical roots on Return on Investments (ROI) have an extensive historical background which involves the Du Pont system. It is significant to illustrate the major history behind the Return on Investments (ROI) and how the Du Pont system started. The purpose of the Return on Investment (ROI) is to evaluate the efficiency of an investment or compare the efficiency of various investments. In addition to (ROI) share the common class of profitability ratios. Several examples will show how Return on Investments (ROI) and the Du Pont
The historical roots on Return on Investments (ROI) have an extensive historical background which involves the Du Pont system. It is significant to illustrate the major history behind the Return on Investments (ROI) and how the Du Pont system started. The purpose of the Return on Investment (ROI) is to evaluate the efficiency of an investment or compare the efficiency of various investments. In addition to (ROI) share the common class of profitability ratios. Several examples will show how Return on Investments (ROI) and the Du Pont system has established life-long formulas to help indicate growth or decline on financial investments.
The investments are for increasing the production efficiency, which will in turn improve the reliability status in a
Investment performance can be measured in many different ways. Tracking the investment’s return is a simple way of measuring investment
BOOK REVIEW: Foster, J. B., & Magdoff, F. (2009). The great financial crisis: Causes and consequences. New York: Monthly Review Press.
According to Wang & et al (2013), the financial committee should control the implementation of investing in EMR to be competed effectively and efficiently. In other words, organizations can easily achieve the best returns from
Why is a financial system important to an HCO; does a budget really make a difference? The HCO is undergoing many exciting changes that affect how the HCO operates. There are technological Electronic Health Records (EHR) and Electronic Medical Records (EMR) upgrades, payment, and system billing changes and practices, and quality improvement measures. The swift changes in healthcare include costs that require a financing system. Kenneth White and Allen Griffith inform “The financial plan is a reality check for the HCO organization” (433). A finance system records and reports HCO transactions. The recorded transactions are useful to set and achieve performance improvement measures.
keyinfo Our financial structure represents the investment a member makes in her Kappa experience. It is designed for minimal impact on the member’s budget and maximum returns. To be initiated, new members must be up to date on their payments. New Member Fee a one-time fee paid to Kappa Headquarters in the first term of membership: $170 Per Capita Fee annual fee paid to Kappa Headquarters by collegiate members: $87 Badge price varies per style chosen: $40–$350 Chapter Dues we consider the financial responsibilities of other groups on campus and set our fees to be comparable. House Board Fees vary according to the housing situation on campus. New members and active members may apply to be on a payment plan with the expectation that all fees
Egypt is a republic in northeastern area of Africa; it was known as the United Arab Republic until 1971. Egypt is an ancient civilization that grew from 2600 to 30 BC. Egypt's economic range includes involvement with mainly tourism, construction and manufacturing. Currently, Egypt’s economy is not doing well. Because of the revolution in 2011, the Egyptian economy has gone from bad to worse. The country’s unemployment is still increasing which is causing the budget deficit. Job creation is virtually impossible, and the Egyptian pound has lost majority of its value. To make problems worse, the general lack of security in the country has increased. All of these issues have a negative effect on the country. For example, the soaring
Many young adults try to play pretend to avoid their reality. When school or friendships build up they may become difficult to deal with. In the novel, A Separate Peace by John Knowles, some of the students of the Devon School try to escape their lives to create new ones in their imagination. Gene thinks of excuses and others stop believing in the world that they are living in. The war makes most of the kids create delusions about themselves and the others around them. The theme, one’s internal war is derived from external struggles, is demonstrated when Gene cannot face his delusions about Finny, Leper’s brain pulls tricks on itself, and Finny trying to make himself no longer believe in the war.
An investment can be said to be an asset or item purchased with the intention or the hope that it will create income or its value will increase in the future (Grabel, 2011). In an economic context, an investment is actually the purchase of goods for the future creation of wealth. In finance context, an investment is said to be a monetary asset that is purchased with an idea that the asset in future will generate income or it will be sold at a profit. In other words, the term "investment" is generally used to refer to any method used for the sole purpose of creating future income. In a financial context, investment includes the purchase of bonds, stocks or even real estate