Fault prediction in a quantitative way of different Types of Inheritance on the Object Oriented Software Metrics
Osama-ur-Rehman, Malik Imran Sabir
Computer & Software Engineering Department, Bahria University
Karachi, Pakistan osamaurrehman@gmail.com malik_imrans@yahoo.com
Abstract— Software testing of a system is a most critical process. Fault prediction models automatically identify fault-prone classes before testing. These models we can be used to reduce duration of testing, risk in projects, resources and infrastructure costs. Such predictions can be used to target improvement efforts to those modules that need it the most. The application of metrics to build models can assist to focus quality improvement efforts to modules that are likely to be faulty during operations. In this paper we study fault prediction in a quantitative way for different types of inheritance. We also studied that how this fault can be predicted with multi level inheritance.
Keywords – fault prediction, OO metrics, prediction models, multi-level inheritance, software engineering, fault-prone classes
I. INTRODUCTION
One of the most important factors when developing software is the early detection of faulty software for reducing development cost and assuring software quality. If the faultiness is not detected in the early stages and if detected and not fixed, than it will carry on throughout the project and the cost for fixing it after the delivery would be more than 50% or could be 100%
For the system, which should never be failed, the reliability test of the software should be done. For this, the black box and white box testing should be done on the software. After the successful development of the software, a beta version should be released. The errors and bugs related to the security and functional requirements can be find out in an easy manner.
While developing a system the developers should be aware of all kinds of software design principles. Some of the principles like cohesion, coupling, Object Oriented principles will help to design a software application. If all the principles are applied correctly, than there is a chance to reduce software coding errors. First when developers start writing code, the back end code starts with classes they should take appropriate decisions in constructing the classes.
IEEE Std 982.1-2005 (Revision of IEEE Std 982.1-1988) - IEEE Standard Dictionary of Measures of the Software Aspects of Dependability
This article addresses some of the common coding errors and suggests some ways in how to preventing them. This is knowing where the traps are and how to help to avoid them.
In terms of systems and processes, in my opinion, one of the most interesting models used to improve quality is the “API Improvement Model”. This is a simple model based
This graph shows the price, of birth control pills. This graph was made using raw data from this site. This graph is extremely significant with what it means. Although it shows that birth control pills are highly expensive, it also shows that by giving birth control to woman will cost as little as $15 a month. Reasons for the ranging price’s is because of the amount of micrograms of synthetic estrogen it contains.The more it has the more expensive the product becomes. This graph shows the increase of price in birth control pills. It also shows that by giving birth control to woman will cost as little as $15 a month, with an average price of $39 for a reasonable pill.
Like any other complex structure, software must be built on a solid foundation. Failing to see the big picture or consider key scenarios, failing to design for common problems, or failing to appreciate the long term consequences of key decisions can put your application at risk. Modern tools and platforms help to simplify the task of building applications, but they do not replace the need to design your application carefully, based on your specific scenarios and requirements. The risks exposed by poor architecture include software that is unstable, is unable to support existing or future business requirements, or is difficult to deploy or manage in a production environment. Software architecture must be distinguished from lower-level design (e.g., design of component internals and algorithms) and implementation.
Second amendment rights are a controversial subject, but in her article, “A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun,” Linda M. Hasselstrom explains why those rights are important to her. Hasselstrom uses logos, pathos, and ethos to entertain readers and to inform them of why she carries a gun.
Malfunction: software malfunction is mostly caused by poor development practices where security has not been built in the software development life cycle but rather incorporated at a latter phase when the software is already fully developed. By doing this, most of the vulnerabilities won’t be handled which latter leads to either crash or malfunctioning of the software, whereby the attacker has an easy time breaking into the system and causing damage or customer’s data disclosure.
There are many ways to provide children with the necessary skills and understanding they need in order to grow to be respectful and accepting citizens. The most important aspect of teaching children about cultural identities is reinforcing the understanding that difference is not a bad thing. Children have simple mindsets when it comes to differences in personalities and cultures, however while they may innocently ask questions that seem bias or discriminatory, they are simply seeking an explanation of something they don’t currently understand. One strategy to ensure children understand cultures is to simply and positively explain that everyone is different and there are people that come from all over the world, have different languages, accepts,
Abstract--A number of software fault tolerance methods have been proposed to achieve high reliability. However, these methods suffer from the lack of considering the possibility of correlated failures, where the failure of multiple components leads to system failure. Furthermore, previous methods to assess the impact of correlated failure on software fault tolerance require extensive testing of data and are therefore less suitable to conduct reliability analysis in the early design stages. Hence, these types of failures must be explicitly incorporated into reliability analysis. The influence of correlated failures on application reliability must be analyzed within the context of the application architecture. This paper provides a survey of some of the studies conducted so far in the field of software reliability and gives a summary of the models proposed to study the impact of correlated failures on the software reliability. The paper concludes by highlighting the major contributions of some studies and provides a direction for the future study in the field.
Pressman, Roger S., Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach (4th Edition), McGraw-Hill International Editions, 1997. Pages 400 to 405.
The modern programming is based on the concept that “program little and use more”. The object oriented programming languages are playing a vital role in the industry of development. The OOP introduced following concepts:
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Shaw puts forth the hypothesis that research in software engineering should be characterized by research processes in other science and engineering disciplines which include research questions, results and validation. Highlighting related work, she mentions previous research efforts to characterize