Family Therapy Model

Goodman, R. D. (2015). Trauma counseling and interventions: Introduction to the special issue. Journal Of Mental Health Counseling, 37(4), 283-294.

A main key concept of NT is that the problem a client presents with is viewed separate from the client. The problem is not the person; it is something the person has. Therefore, the goal of NT is to change the effects resulting from the problem and not the person themselves. To do this, NT uses the technique of externalizing the problem. To externalize the problem, the problem is first given a name and then it is explored and applied to the clients believes, values, behaviors, and ideals that has formed the clients identity. The negative aspects of these areas get rewritten into the new story. The process of externalizing the problem allows the client to see their problem separate from themselves so they can better

CBT is defined as a form of mental health based counseling, focusing on errors of cognition and perception. It usually involves a limited number of individual outpatient sessions (Park et al., 2013). This form of therapy, “helps you become aware of inaccurate or negative thinking, so you can view challenging situations more clearly and respond to them in a more effective way,” (“Cognitive behavioral therapy”, 2014, para. 1).

Trauma has sorrowfully touched upon the lives of millions of people worldwide. Many sources of trauma are typically physical in nature, but many may also take a toll on the perceptual state of an individual. Although trauma is a human’s natural emotional response to a shocking occurrence, it may leave a lasting impact on one’s psychological stability. The exact moment of a traumatic event is the initial launch of an individual’s

Rape trauma syndrome is comprised of three phases of the human response after a sexual assault occurs (O'Donohue, 2014). Burgess and Holmstrom finalized their brainstorm in 1974 (O'Donohue, 2014). The first phase is acute disorganization, which occurs within the few days or weeks after the event. Victims may experience anxiety attacks, crying spells, denial that the event took place, or even have a difficult time adapting back to their everyday activities (O'Donohue, 2014) . The second phase is referred to as the outward adjustment phase in which there are five main coping techniques. Minimization, dramatization, suppression, explanation, and flight are all coping skills commonly found during this phase (O'Donohue, 2014). Victims are most likely to want to seek help during this phase of their journey. The final phase is the resolution phase in which the assault is no longer the main focus on the victims life (O'Donohue, 2014). Although it is highly unlikely that the victim will ever forget the assault, the goal is to help them forget as much of it as

The more overwhelming or intolerable the traumatic event is in comparison to the individuals self-capacities (ability to tolerate affect and maintain a sense of self in connection),

Cognitive behavioral therapy, commonly known as CBT, is a systematic process by which we learn to change our negative thought into more positive ones. CBT is a combination of two types of therapy, cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. cognition is our thought, so cognitive behavioral therapy combines working with our thought process and changing our behavior at the same time. Cognitive behavioral therapists believe that our behavior and feelings are influenced by the way we think, also our mood is affected by our behavior and thought process. CBT tries to tackle our thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Research has shown that cognitive behavioral

Another limitation that can appear when examining the memory of trauma is that trauma victims do not elicit the same response to trauma. Individuals who experience psychological trauma, physical trauma or both all remember the abuse differently. Many trauma victims may have repressed those memories or simply forget the explicit details about their traumatic experiences. Toth and Cicchetti (1998) argue that victims will elicit different responses of they are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and experience trauma on a single or multiple occurrence. Multiple experiences of trauma may give individuals a general memory of the abuse, however, it often overlooks and forget about the unique features of their traumatic experience.

Commonly throughout life a combination of social and economic factors can traumatize a person life for a long period of time. In reference to John Bradshaw’s “Healing Child within” many people have gone through traumatic situation throughout their life. Being physically abused or even seeing this done by one of their family members. Most family members tend to connect in many different ways such as some family members express their feelings through love. Other families can express their feelings that involve hostile situations or non-nurturing. Many survivors that go through situations like this can have trauma throughout life. Many survivors can be traumatized by having flash back or even remembering what happen. Having memories of abuse can cause people feel pain, confusion and loneliness they have experienced from the past situations? Others might just might not remember it all too where they continue life with any problems. Others could remember a little bit but not to the point where they can tell their self it happened once it’s normal. Many of the people that go through traumatic situations like this throughout life can suffer from different

During our last week lecture, one thing that I learned about trauma was how our brain respond to trauma and diverse situations. For example, through the neo cortex, limbic cortex, and reptilian brain. Therefore, it was interesting to learn that when working with clients that have experience trauma, we must certainly not rush the clients to tell their story. Quite the reverse, to support our clients, we should begin to help them state their story slowly before exploring the trauma. According to Heller and Heller, “After trauma, people often experience an alternating state of freezing/ dissociation or flooding” (2004). In this instance, it goes in congruence with the class lecture that clients respond to trauma differently, so, many will react automatically to fight or flight mode when they perceive a

When I decided to take the trauma course, I was hesitant at first to take it. I did not know what to expect nor felt I would be prepare listen to stories about traumatic occurrences, despite of the number of years I have worked in the field of community mental health. Therefore, now that we are in week eight, I am delighted to have taken this course. The impression I had at first, has changed my insight concerning what is trauma, as for many years, I did not understand why a person in many instances, could not process their trauma. In a quote by Chang stated, “The greater the doubt, the greater the awakening; the smaller the doubt, the smaller the awakening. No doubt, no awakening” (Van Der Kolk, 2014, p. 22). The goes in congruence with my understanding on trauma and how it has changed during this course. As a result, I feel I am awakening when acquiring more about trauma.

What is central to the therapeutic process is change and developing adequate ways to cope and live. Traumatic experiences have a very strong and deep effect on individuals and should be treated with caution. Psychodrama therapy (PDT), developed by Jacob Moreno, is a form of group psychotherapy where each individual becomes a therapeutic agent for each other in the group (Sproesser, Viana, Quagliato, & de Souza, 2010). Additionally, PDT is a humanistic and unique therapeutic approach utilizing action to work through and process emotions stemming from painful or traumatic events (cite). Moreno discovered that action is effective in exploring an individual’s interpersonal relations and private worlds (cite). Action-oriented therapy has been

Upon the initial impact of a traumatic experience an individual can experience a vast number of psychological and physical reactions. Trauma is unique to each individual and therefore reactions to trauma and

Trauma is a ubiquitous human experience. We do not need to be soldiers in a bloody battle nor victims of repeated rape to experience trauma. Additionally, trauma is a subjective experience. What may be traumatic to one person may not affect another as deeply. In the field of clinical