Experimenting With Enzymes Exploration Lab

All hypotheses predicted were correct for all factors tested according to the appropriate justification, except for one hypothesis in Part C. In Part A the increased number of enzyme concentration (also known as beef liver catalase) increases the rate of the reaction increases as well so long as all other factors such as pH, ionic concentrations and temperature remain unchanged or fixed. Furthermore, if diluted concentrations of 1.5 % and 3% the substrate concentration increases and the rate of the reaction until it reaches a limiting factor and becomes fully saturated. However, if simply distilled water without hydrogen peroxide is utilized the hydrogen peroxide would decrease as the rate of the reaction because no substrate enzyme complex will be formed therefore creating no products. Lastly, increasing the concentration of heavy metal ions, such as copper (II) Sulphate and lead (II) nitrate, will decrease the rate of the reaction as it will disrupt the bonds between the amino acids of the proteins denaturing the enzyme structure and function. It was learned that if distilled water is used without the concentrations of copper(II) Sulphate and lead (II) nitrate the rate of the reaction decreased as the heavy metal salts decreased. As a result of more water molecules, there is no substrate or enzyme catalase the reaction and quickly form a

The independent variable of this experiment are the environmental factors that you are testing on the rate of transpiration, so our independent variables would be bright light, fan, dark, and misted. The dependent variable is the rate of transportation because this depends on whatever environmental factor the plant is placed. The constants were things like the type of plant we used, the room temperature, the type of scale we used and how far the fan/light was placed from the plant.

Theresa Magana Ms. Nauls-Jones AP English 3 26 November 2015 A Rhetorical Analysis of Jonathan Edwards’s Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Widely regarded as “One of America’s most important and original philosophical theologians”, Jonathan Edwards, in his sermon, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, provides a glimpse into the theology of the great awakening. Edwards’s purpose is to awaken audiences to the horrific reality that he believed awaited them should they continue life without devotion to Christ. He adopts an ominous tone with a sense of urgency in order to spread fear in the minds of puritans so that they may repent for their sins and turn to God before it is too late for them. Edwards opens his sermon to the puritans by stating, “So that thus it is that natural men are held in the hand of God; over the pit of hell; they have deserved the fiery pit and are already sentenced to it.”

Higher levels of solution should produce higher levels of product. The independent variable for the control group data and the experiment data is the yeast concentration. The dependent variable for the control group data and the experiment data is how much oxygen is produced. The Constant for the control group data and the experiment data is time and amount of hydrogen peroxide. The products of the experiment will increase if the levels of reactants increase. Denatured yeast may cause change in the reaction of the experiment. For all trials of the control group, the concentration of yeast is 6ml. For the experiment data, the yeast concentration varies from 8mL, 10 mL, 12 mL, 14 mL, and 16 mL. The temperature may cause change in the reaction of the combination of yeast and hydrogen peroxide

This experiment looked at how substrate concentration can affect enzyme activity. In this case the substrate was hydrogen peroxide and the enzyme was catalase. Pieces of meat providing the catalase were added to increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in order to measure the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentrations on the enzyme’s activity. The variable measured was oxygen produced, as water would be too difficult to measure with basic equipment.

Enzymes are catalytic proteins, meaning they speed up – but do not create – chemical

Wells Fargo’s strategy is based upon relationship focus, competitive advantage, reputation, price for risk, conservatism, operational excellence, and clear accountability (Perez, 2014). In fact, their relationship focus is measured based upon how efficiently, effectively, and prudently they serve their customers (Perez, 2014). As for price for risk, their business operations are conducted in a way to address risk to capital and only retail risk when there is sufficient evidence for a return (Perez, 2014). Notably, all banks are faced with credit risk, but there are choices, such as: avoid the risk if it is economically unviable, accept risk if it is justifiable, diversify the bank’s portfolio, or liquidate risk by transferring to another party (Perez, 2014).

How does changing the substrate concentration affect the rate of a catalase reaction in an enzyme? Hydrogen peroxide was used as the substrate and the rate was measured by oxygen production.

This investigation will be carried out to investigate the rate of reaction of the enzyme catalase on the substrate hydrogen peroxide.

The purpose of this experiment was to record catalase enzyme activity with different temperatures and substrate concentrations. It was hypothesized that, until all active sites were bound, as the substrate concentration increased, the reaction rate would increase. The first experiment consisted of five different substrate concentrations, 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0% H2O2. The second experiment was completed using 0.8% substrate concentration and four different temperatures of enzymes ranging from cold to boiled. It was hypothesized that as the temperature increased, the reaction rate would increase. This would occur until the enzyme was denatured. The results from the two experiments show that the more substrate concentration,

To anaerobically break down glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide, yeast will use the zymase enzyme which catalyses the catabolic fermentation reaction according to the induced fit model. The zymase enzyme will form weak bonds with it’s specific complementary substrate (a glucose molecule), inducing a conformational change in the shape of the enzyme and substrate. In a catabolic reaction this stresses the substrate bonds of the substrate so that they break easily, allowing the substrate to seperate into desired products; in this case ethanol and carbon dioxide. After the zymase enzyme has facilitated the reaction the weak enzyme-substrate bonds break and the enzyme can be reused. This model of enzyme substrate binding reduces the activation energy required in the reaction, allowing fermentation to occur quicker and more readily.

Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic byproduct of cellular functions. To maintain hydrogen peroxide levels the catalase enzyme deconstructs hydrogen peroxide and reconstructs the reactants into oxygen gas and water. The catalase enzyme is found inside cells of most plants and animals. Regulating the levels of hydrogen peroxide is crucial in homeostasis and analyzing it’s optimal conditions for performance is just as important. To understand the optimal environment for this enzyme, they are put into different environments based off protein activity (enzymes are proteins). Catalase samples will be put into different hydrogen peroxide environments based off pH and temperature. The more active the enzyme, the more oxygen and water it will produce. Enzyme activity can be seen through the release of oxygen in the hydrogen peroxide. Since oxygen cannot be accurately measured, the data will consist of the longevity of the reaction in different environments. If the pH is higher than 7, then the reaction rate will increase due to the ample amount of hydrogen ions in the hydrogen peroxide. However the pH level cannot be higher than 10 or else there will be too many hydrogen atoms in the peroxide for the enzyme to be able to deconstruct them. If the temperature is increased, then the reaction rate will increase due to the ample amount of energy and movement in the hydrogen peroxide and enzyme.

An Enzyme is a protein, which is capable of starting a chemical reaction, which involves the formation or breakage of chemical bonds. A substrate is the surface or material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment. In this case it is hydrogen peroxide. This lab report will be explaining the experiment held to understand the effects of the changes in the amount of substrate on the enzyme’s reaction.

The purpose of this lab report is to investigate the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity as tested with the enzyme catalase and the substrate hydrogen peroxide at several concentrations to produce oxygen. It was assumed that an increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration would decrease the amount of time the paper circle with the enzyme catalase present on it, sowing an increase in enzyme activity. Therefore it can be hypothesised that there would be an effect on catalase activity from the increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration measured in time for the paper circle to ride to the top of the solution.

BACKGROUND: Catalase (the enzyme) is found in yeast, it breaks down hydrogen peroxide (the substrate) into water and oxygen according to this equation. 2H2O2(aq) -------------------> 2H2O(l) + O2(g) + catalase(aq) One molecule of catalase can break 40 million molecules of hydrogen peroxide each second. Factors that affect the rate of reaction § Increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy at which the enzyme and substrate collide.