Exercise Physiology

In this assignment I will be reviewing the different effects of exercise on the body system including the acute and long term using the pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise physiological data which I collected based on interval and continuous training method. I will also be including the advantages and disadvantages of these, also the participants’ strengths and areas where they can improve on.

The strengths of the Phosphocreatine system is because the source is stored in the muscles and liver so it can produce energy very quickly using a short burst. This means that there will be a higher force of contraction. There are also no waste products within this system. Another advantage/strength of this energy system is the recovery time. Phosphocreatine recovery time is shorter than the

Physical activity has been proven to have phenomenal benefits on the human body and is an important part of a balanced lifestyle. Statistics have shown that regular exercise can prevent illness and lower one’s likelihood of being diagnosed with a series of diseases significantly. It has been ‘medically proven’ that regular exercise can reduce a subject’s chance of being diagnosed with coronary heart disease or stroke by 35%, type two diabetes by 50%, colon cancer by 50%, breast cancer by 20%, early death by 30%, osteoarthritis by 83% and a number of other life threatening illnesses. Regular exercise can improve a person’s overall wellbeing and immunity to common illnesses. During physical activity, a person’s heart rate can increase significantly and allow more oxygenated blood to be supplied to muscles. A person’s breathing rate can increase during exercise and supply more oxygen to the lungs. The increased blood flow during exercise allows the brain to function better. Exercise has many benefits to the human body and is a major factor of disease

The study of the human body and its movements has been present for centuries. While there has almost always been an interest in the human body and its way of working, modern technology and scientific discoveries have greatly aided modern medicine and research of human anatomy and physiology. These days, the study of medicine is far more extensive than many people understand, and those who want to pursue a medical field have great amounts of work awaiting. Athletic Training as a profession in this day and age involves extensive schooling, training, and focus when on the job.

Many people are not getting adequate amounts of exercise and it is costing grave health problems such as diabetes and obesity. There has been an on-going, major concern in the medical field about the relationship of exercise and cardiorespiratory health and to better understand this correlation, this study analyzes the effect that exercise has on heart rate, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and oxygen consumption. I hypothesize that those who regularly exercise will overall have lower heart rates, increased stroke volume, lower total peripheral resistance, and higher oxygen consumption. To test my hypothesis, two groups were obtained: active, those who exercised more than seven hours a week, and inactive, those who did not exercise at all. Test subjects were asked to exercise on a bicycle ergometer until exhaustion as intensity increased every minute. In this experiment, both active and inactive groups observed an increase in heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen consumption and a decrease in total peripheral resistance as time progressed. Overall, active individuals had lower heart rates, larger stroke volumes, and lower total peripheral resistance compared to inactive individuals. Surprisingly at rest, both groups were shown to have similar oxygen consumption rates, but at peak, the rate of the active group was much higher. Our results indicate a strong association between regular exercise and cardiorespiratory variables which stresses the importance

A Sports Medicine Physician includes an advanced range of work. “It takes in simple first-aid and injury prevention, training the host of other commonsense applications”. Many specialists in this field treat children, and standard athletes that are injured by playing sports or exercising. (Edelson 17-18). Some of the daily activities include performing physical examinations, taking and reading x-rays, writing reports and devolving treatment plans for patients (Denamur). In this case Sports Medicine is calculated to hurry the recovery, so people can get back to what they were doing more quickly and healthy. Many athletes use a team of physicians, so that each one can specifically help treat them (Edelson

The body uses complicated organ systems like the respiratory, integumentary, and circulatory systems in unison with each other to combat the physical burden that exercise puts on the body. The body has to work at a pace that it doesn’t in daily life, Organs have to generate reactions to maintain homoeostasis by managing your energy, body heat, and blood pressure levels to a higher extent than usual.

The most precise method for the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption is the direct measurement which is considered the ‘gold standard’ (Noonan & Dean, 2000). However, the use of this method is limited in several settings such as in sports clubs, schools, or in large scale research studies (Pescatello & American College of Sports Medicine, 2014) because it requires appropriate and expensive equipment, supervision by trained personnel and a max-imal level of exertion which cannot be achieved by all the individuals and especially those who may be limited by pain, fatigue, abnormal gait, impaired balance or those with cardio-vascular problems(Evans, Ferrar, Smith, et al., 2015). As a consequence, many indirect tests have been developed for use in sports, clinical and home settings but there are sundry fac-tors which must be considered when we select one of them. Such factors are the population that we

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a health-related component of physical fitness defined as the ability of the circulatory, respiratory, and muscular systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity (Lee, 2010). Maximal oxygen consumption, VO_2max, is one of the most shared ways to measure a subject’s CRF, because it is the measurement of oxygen the subject consumes while doing vigorous exercise. VO_2max is expressed in milliliters of Oxygen, per kilogram of body weight, per minute (ml/kg/min). Setty stated that, VO_2max “is the gold-standard method of cardio-pulmonary and muscle cell fitness” (Setty, 2013).

Statistics show that high school athletes suffer almost two million sports-related injuries per year. These numbers are multiplied by five for professional athletes. Due to these high risks, scientists have dwelled into sports medicine and have brought many new studies to the surface. They span the variety of sports, injuries, ages, and abilities. With every new piece of research that the scientists receive, the studies are developed and now there is a very innovative view on sports medicine.

The Sports Medicine field focuses on helping athletes improve their athletic performance, recover from injury, and prevent future injuries. This fast-growing healthcare field affords healthcare workers who specialize in Sports Medicine the opportunity to help many non-athletes as well as athletes. In order to be seen and treated by a Sports Medicine physician, the patient is not required to be any type of athlete. Sports Medicine professionals treat people who participate in sports for their

Exercise Science is the scientific study or analysis of physical activity/exercise. Due to the fact that there are a variety of different exercises/ ways to be physically active and every person is different exercise science is extremely broad. New research leads to more ways to study exercise science. With exercise science being so broad, there a many concentrations within the major that a student can choose

Mammals consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide as part of their metabolism process in order to maintain body functions. This occurs at all times, both rest and during intense work, within mammals. During times of greater work, skeletal muscles work harder than they do at rest. This in turn increases their metabolic rate and results in a greater demand for oxygen. It has been proposed that fitness training has a positive effect on both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, which effect the maximum oxygen consumption rate during intense exercise periods. I hypothesize that individuals who aerobically exercise a minimum of at least 7 hours per week will have increased fitness, which will maximize their overall metabolic rates and give them higher VO2 max and VCO2 max values than individuals who do not have increased fitness. Ten males having different fitness levels were put on stationary bikes at increasing levels until exhaustion and VO2-max and VCO2-max was then measured from each individual. It was found that there was a slight upward trend between fitness-VO2max and fitness-VCO2max, although this trend was not statistically significant when represented by the T-test values through statistical analysis. Further experiments should be done in the future to verify a statistically significant correlation.

Whether it was to outperform their competition or to prevent injury and maintain consistent performance, it’s always been a part of sporting history. The training performed by athletes in individual & team-based sports are physiologically & psychologically demanding and can lead to adaptations in areas, such as power, endurance, strength and perceived exertion.3 These adaptations are beneficial to the athlete, however if training is not properly monitored, over training or under training could occur which could lead to injury or even cease an athletes’ progression.4 Therefore it is important to ensure that the methods used to monitor the athletes training sessions & loads are accurate and

The benefits of physical exercise in humans far outweighs the harmful effects associated with exercise. A prescription of physical activity has been known to delay the onset or prevention of many chronic diseases. An improvement in heart function, lower blood pressure and improve functional capacity is noticed after just a few weeks of exercising. Physical activity will also result in an increase of lean muscle mass, promote weight maintenance, increased flexibility, and a generally stronger more fit individual. Conversely, exercise when preformed strenuously or obsessively can counteract such positive effects, bringing up some issues like oxidative stresses, injuries, and