Matthew Tomlinson
Macbeth Essay
Luten English
3/9/18
Sleep in Macbeth
In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, a single word can connote a range of meanings, including some that are even contradictory. For example, the word “sleep” suggests meanings that are nearly opposite: sleep is associated with innocence and peaceful rest on the one hand, but also nightmares and death on the other. While the word rarely appears in Acts 3 and 4, where the characters are involved in action, it appears often in Acts 1, 2 and 5, when characters observe the consequences of their actions. In Macbeth, the meaning of sleep is shaped not only by the context, but also by the character who speaks the word or is associated with it. Characters’ use of the word “sleep” can provide
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(2.1.61-63) Macbeth is anticipating and watching himself commit an attack on “curtained sleep,” which should be peaceful and protected and not a time or place for murder. Afterwards, Macbeth describes to lady Macbeth how he heard a voice cry, “‘Sleep no more!/ Macbeth does murder sleep” -the innocent sleep,/ Sleep that knits up the raveled sleave of care,/ The death of each day’s life, sore labor’s bath,/ Balm of hurt minds, great nature’s second course,/ Chief nourisher in life’s feast.”’ (2.2.47-52) This quote can be interpreted literally, because Macbeth has in fact killed Duncan in his sleep. However, the use of the word sleep also has a deeper, metaphorical meaning. Sleep is supposed to be innocent. At the same time, sleep is equated with the “death” of the day, in the sense that it enables people to rest and recover from the hard labor and mental strain of life. For this reason, it is like a bath, a balm, and even nourishing food. It is this restoring quality of sleep that Macbeth has murdered because Duncan is now dead forever. Similarly, when Duncan’s body is discovered, Macduff attempts to rouse everyone by saying “Shake off this downy sleep, death's counterfeit/And look on death itself.” (2.3.88-89) However, although Macduff …show more content…
It suggests that she too, along with her husband, is deeply troubled by guilt and cannot sleep normally. The gentlewoman describes to the doctor how she has seen Lady Macbeth, “rise from her bed, throw her nightgown upon her, unlock her closet, take forth paper, fold it, write upon’t, read it, afterwards seal it, and again return to bed; yet all this while in a most fast sleep.” (4-9) The doctor then comments, “A great perturbation in nature, to receive at once the benefit of sleep, and do the effects of watching!” (10-12) The doctor is saying that for Lady Macbeth to be both asleep and yet capable of action, is not natural. As she sleepwalks, Lady Macbeth recalls parts of the events of the murders of Duncan, Banquo, and Lady Macduff. Her incriminating words are overheard by the Doctor and a gentlewoman. Later, when Macbeth is putting on his armor, he asks the doctor how his wife is doing, and the doctor responds that she is not physically sick, but instead “troubled with thick-coming fancies.” (5.3.47) Thus, her sleepwalking, a form of sleep that allows her no rest, is the result of her overwhelmed and agitated mental state. Macbeth asks the doctor to cure her mental troubles, but this is beyond the doctor’s practice (5.1.62). At the same time, Lady Macbeth’s sleepwalking does not mean that everything she says or does is a
As a result of Macbeth's insomnia, he is hallucinating and imagining things, for instance, the dagger. He recognizes this when he says, "Mine eyes are made a fool o' the other senses," (II.i.12). Realizing that something is amiss, Macbeth states, "Nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse the curtain'd sleep," (II.i.18-19). Macbeth is saying that the way he feels is unnatural and it is as if he has been cursed. Earlier in the evening, Macbeth believes Duncan is a good king, and would never deserve such disloyalty.
After convincing Macbeth to kill Duncan, Lady Macbeth wants to take his “innocence” and use it against him, switching the use of sleep from a positive connotation to a negative one. Many times in Macbeth, when people are supposed to be sound asleep, they have actually been committing heinous crimes. During the beginning of Act II, everyone thinks Macbeth has retired to his chamber to sleep, but in reality, he headed over to Duncan’s to murder him. Shortly after the “deed is done”, Macbeth claims “This is a sorry sight.” (II.ii.23). Not only did he talk about Duncan being dead, but also the many sleepless nights to come for doing something so “foul”. Along with that, Macbeth states, “Methought I heard a voice cry ‘Sleep no more!’ / Macbeth doth murder sleep.” (II.ii. 38-39), and “‘Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor / Shall sleep no more. Macbeth shall sleep no more.” (II.ii. 45-46). Both of these quotes further symbolize “Fair is foul and foul is fair. “ Macbeth kills Duncan only because he thinks it fair for him to become king, and to kill him will insure his kingship, so he does it while he’s most vulnerable. In reality, killing a man is very foul, and so when the sleeping guards say that Macbeth will sleep no more, it shows the changing meaning of sleep. When the guard states, “Glamis hath murdered sleep” (II.ii.45), Shakespeare intends to portray two different meanings. Not only did Macbeth kill Duncan in his sleep, but he murdered his innocence as well. This causes further problems for all of Scotland creating much more chaos then both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth intended. Lady Macbeth then commands Macbeth to “Go carry [the daggers] and smear / The sleepy [guards] with blood.” (II.ii.52-53). This action would symbolize making the once innocent guards become guilty, while Macbeth and Lady Macbeth remain innocent in the eyes of Scotland. Overall, the sleep motif
Originally, she was more ambitious than Macbeth, the driving force behind King Duncan’s death. For a time, this ambition made her fearless. She treats the matter as if it was a casual, every-day occurrence, scolding the worried Macbeth for “using those thoughts of which should indeed have died with them they think on [and encouraging him to think that] things without all remedy should be without regard. What’s done is done” (3:2:12-14). However, it is not long after Macbeth kills everyone in Macduff’s castle that her guilty conscience takes over her mind. Lady Macbeth begins sleepwalking while reliving every moment from the night of King Duncan’s death. She scrubs the nonexistent blood off of her hands, yelling “Out, damned spot! Out, I say!—One, two. Why, then, ’tis time to do ’t. Hell is murky!—Fie, my lord, fie! A soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account?—Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him (5:1:25-28). Unconsciously, Lady Macbeth has become paranoid about being discovered. The longer she sleepwalks, the more paranoid she becomes. Her speech takes on a more rapid pace when she “hears” knocking, urging Macbeth “to bed, to bed. There’s knocking at the gate. Come, come, come, come. . . What’s done cannot be undone.—To bed, to bed, to bed! (5:1:45-47). Lady Macbeth’s guilty conscience and paranoia,
"Fair is foul, and foul is fair" is a prime quote in Shakespeare's Macbeth as it sets a predominant tone throughout the play where things are not what they seem (1.1.12). This being said ambiguity and equivocation come to be a major part in the story as Macbeth is promoted Thane of Cawdor and wishes to become king. Such wishes though come with cruel actions as Macbeth targeted anyone in his way. Though seemingly heartless Macbeth is full of "human kindness" until his wife, Lady Macbeth, makes him a "man" (1.5.16). Ultimately this paper analyzes how Shakespeare delineates catharsis through Macbeth's thoughts and actions.
Lady Macbeth starts to sleepwalk and spill the truth to others. Macbeth asks a doctor to help them. Macbeth asks, “Cure her of that. Canst thou not minister to a mind diseased, pluck from the memory a rooted sorrow, raze out the written troubles of the brain, and with some sweet oblivious of that perilous stuff which weighs upon the heart” (5.3.74). Macbeth wants the doctor to get rid of the guilt and stress she has and make her unaware of everything that is currently happening in Scotland. Furthermore, Lady Macbeth eventually commits suicide. After hearing the news Macbeth responds with, “She should have died hereafter; there would have been a time for such a word. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, creeps in this petty pace from day to
There is also evidence in Lady Macbeth's characterization of a breakdown within the person. Lady Macbeth falls into a psychological hell. Her conscience drives her to madness. In the same way as Macbeth, her sleepwalking signifies an unnatural end to the day and the fact that she too, is unable to restore herself. The sleepwalking also
In the play the readers start to see that after the murder, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have a lot of trouble sleeping. As Macbeth is walking back from the murder he hears shouts saying, “‘Sleep no more! / Macbeth does murder sleep’ --the innocent sleep,” (2.2). Then he repeats it again and says, “Still it cried ‘Sleep no more!’ to all the house; / ‘Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor / Shall sleep no more! Macbeth shall sleep no more!” (2.2). These lines also use a bit of foreshadowing to tell readers that now that Macbeth has done something terrible he will no longer be able to sleep. Since the innocent do not get to sleep, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s guilt will come back and plague them as they try to
Macbeth Sleep is a time when our minds are at rest and the subconscious comes out to play. Sleep is oftentimes considered the place where we are able to see into our future and perhaps figure out how to solve our problems. Sleep is also what heals and cures our minds and bodies. Without sleep we slowly begin to disintegrate. Mind and body no longer cooperate without the healing force sleep brings with it. Shakespeare uses sleep both as a reward and as a consequence in his plays. If a character is innocent and pure, he is allowed restful, fulfilling sleep. If the character lacks these traits of goodness, he is condemned to a lifetime
In William Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’ sleep is a very significant aspect of the play which is portrayed by many references to it and occurrences that result in sleep deprivation. To emphasize the importance of resting Shakespeare uses varied poetic language and sleep distortions. Sleep comes as a significant theme of the play when Macbeth, persuaded by Lady Macbeth kills King Duncan while he is asleep at their house. Consequently, Macbeth suffers from devastating nightmares and delusions which are the reasons for his constant paranoia and anxiety that lead to numerous murders.
The motif, sleep, creates a mood of confusion. When Macbeth was wailing in the middle of the night that the king is dead which woke the other men up. “O horror, horror, horror!/ tongue nor heart cannot conceive nor name thee/ confusion now hath made his masterpiece most sacrilegious murder hath broken ope (2.3.73-77).” Lennox and Macduff have seen king Duncan in his chambers dead and they are mortified, the men are perplexed on how the king was killed by guards around his chambers. When the other men tumble out of bed and see the king, the men are disgusted by their sight. “Shake off this downy sleep, death’s counterfeit,/ and look on
Sleeplessness is defined as the inability to sleep; insomnia. Sleeplessness and sleep disturbances can be very dangerous When in a sleeping state, the mind is at rest so a person’s actions are not in their control. In the play, sleeplessness does just exactly that and makes the characters act or think a certain way, such as guilt or as if they have lost their minds. Sleeplessness ties hand in hand with paranoia. As of a result of the insomnia, Macbeth becomes very paranoid with everything and everyone around him. Lady Macbeth, Banquo, and Macbeth all greatly demonstrate sleeplessness in this classic piece because of the troubled situations throughout. In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the theme of sleeplessness is demonstrated by how it is caused, which characters go through it, and how it can soothe a life well-lived.
When you think of sleep, you think about great time, bedroom, and rest. But in the act 2 of Macbeth, Shakespeare use the sleep motif to describe Macbeth’s sense of guilt. This motif is also used to create a dark and evil theme.
The highly acclaimed play called Macbeth often uses many literary devices and imagery to come to a conclusion about a topic. One of the frequent uses of imagery in this play is the imagery of sleep and death. Shakespeare often uses the sleep and death imagery to set a tense and eerie tone in the play. This is seen in the actions of Lady Macbeth in act 5 of the play, the actions of the character Macbeth, and the scene of and following Duncan’s death.
In Act 2 of Macbeth, the “dream” and “sleep” motifs are used to assist in setting an anxious mood in the text.
The scene in the play is called the sleepwalking scene. This scene is where Lady Macbeth was sleeping but started walking around and talking about all of Macbeth’s secrets. The doctor and the gentlewoman heard Lady Macbeth spill Macbeth’s secrets. This was one of the two weakest moments in the Lady Macbeth’s character. The secrets she told were Duncan’s murder, Banquo’s murder, and the Macduff massacre. The doctor who was there to observe Lady Macbeth knew what she was saying as she was telling all of Macbeth’s secrets. The doctor told the gentle woman “This disease is beyond my practice” (5.1.57). When the doctor said this, he meant that Lady Macbeth is so out of control and so depressed that she needed to see a priest because of the evil work that was done. This was not a medical issue it was a mental one and there was nothing he could do about it. At this point in the play, Lady Macbeth was very depressed. She was not close with Macbeth anymore and she could not bear to face the fact that she had turned her husband into a murdering