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Examples Of Juxtaposition In Border Crossing

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In the allegorical novel Border Crossing (2001) by Pat Barker, Barker utilises the literary techniques of juxtaposition and contrasting characterisation to question the idea of normality and explore the role of influence in shaping a person. The novel draws its inspiration from the 1993 Thompson and Venables’ trial, and explores the moral and ethical questions raised by this case. Barker contrasts child psychologist, Tom, and patient, Danny, in questioning the concept of a normal personality. Juxtaposition is then used to explore the role of time and place in influencing accepted parenting and its outcomes. Finally the theme of influence is examined in detail through the use of literary techniques to show the impact of one’s environment on …show more content…

Tom is considered to be clinical and cold, a man who is capable of separating himself from his emotions. Tom’s personality has been developed as a result of his emotionally charged yet clinical workplace, which requires that he detach himself emotionally upon leaving the office. Working with troubled children who wear a mask of innocence has forced Tom to view the world as black and white, being devoid of human emotion. Tom’s cold and analytical personality became a necessity, as is clear from his reflections on Danny’s court appearance, ‘…He gave the impression that he was telling the truth, and indeed he was – 98 percent of the time.’ (Page 97) The calculating Danny uses his innocence to fool most, which has led to the necessity of Tom’s cold work demeanour. In contrast Danny has developed a manipulative and dynamic character, adaptable to all environments he faces. Danny developed no real sense of identity as a child due to the abuse and turbulence he suffered, thus leading to him, ‘Borrow[ed] other people’s lives. … it was almost as if he had no shape of his own…’ (Page 171) The lack of stability in Danny’s life is in juxtaposition with Tom’s steady line of employment, which has led to the development of vastly different personalities. Barker’s exploration of the theme of influence is exemplified in the juxtaposed environments of Tom and Danny and the contrasting characters they

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