In the allegorical novel Border Crossing (2001) by Pat Barker, Barker utilises the literary techniques of juxtaposition and contrasting characterisation to question the idea of normality and explore the role of influence in shaping a person. The novel draws its inspiration from the 1993 Thompson and Venables’ trial, and explores the moral and ethical questions raised by this case. Barker contrasts child psychologist, Tom, and patient, Danny, in questioning the concept of a normal personality. Juxtaposition is then used to explore the role of time and place in influencing accepted parenting and its outcomes. Finally the theme of influence is examined in detail through the use of literary techniques to show the impact of one’s environment on …show more content…
Tom is considered to be clinical and cold, a man who is capable of separating himself from his emotions. Tom’s personality has been developed as a result of his emotionally charged yet clinical workplace, which requires that he detach himself emotionally upon leaving the office. Working with troubled children who wear a mask of innocence has forced Tom to view the world as black and white, being devoid of human emotion. Tom’s cold and analytical personality became a necessity, as is clear from his reflections on Danny’s court appearance, ‘…He gave the impression that he was telling the truth, and indeed he was – 98 percent of the time.’ (Page 97) The calculating Danny uses his innocence to fool most, which has led to the necessity of Tom’s cold work demeanour. In contrast Danny has developed a manipulative and dynamic character, adaptable to all environments he faces. Danny developed no real sense of identity as a child due to the abuse and turbulence he suffered, thus leading to him, ‘Borrow[ed] other people’s lives. … it was almost as if he had no shape of his own…’ (Page 171) The lack of stability in Danny’s life is in juxtaposition with Tom’s steady line of employment, which has led to the development of vastly different personalities. Barker’s exploration of the theme of influence is exemplified in the juxtaposed environments of Tom and Danny and the contrasting characters they
Danny and Reuven’s relationship was a link between father and son, but this grew into something more, something life-long and unchanging. This friendship was true, it meant a lot to both of them, and their parents. However, after large disagreements in both Danny and Reuven’s religious lives and families, Reb Saunders excommunicates Reuven from the Hasidic community and Danny’s life.
Danny and Reuven’s relationship progresses from tension in the beginning to an intimate friendship because of a mutual trust that is established. Danny says, “Sometimes I’m not sure I know what God wants though…I’ve never said that to anyone before” (80). From early on Danny feels comfortable confiding in Reuven. He shares his innermost feelings with Reuven and they form a closely knit bond. Danny and Reuven have a conversation; Reuven asks Danny, “Are you going to like being a Rabbi?” (82). Danny replies, “No, but I have no choice, it’s like a dynasty, if the son doesn’t take the father’s place, the dynasty falls apart” (Ibid.). This piece of evidence once again displays a profound trust the boys have. This conversation is a turning point for the book because Danny admits he does not want to carry on his father’s rabbinic dynasty. The fact that Danny openly shares this shocking information with Reuven shows how strong the boys relationship is. After a personal conversation Reuven narrates as he observes Danny, “I saw him begin to play absent-mindedly with one of his earlocks. We were quiet for a long
Bragg’s dejected tone when addressing his father’s latest demeanor is satirical as the Father’s past behavior is anything but celebratory. The author’s conscious decision to compare his memories of the Father to that of a “man” and a “monster” depicts the two emotions Bragg intended to invoke from his readers through the use of tone: contentment and fear. He wanted his readers to share his contentment with his father’s past demeanor, though distressing. In contrast, Bragg hoped his readers share his fear of his father’s past demeanor, despite his innate urge
Danny and Reuven represent deeply committed friends. Their live intertwine when historical circumstances , religious realities, and their father's differences in child rearing dramatically affect their respective senses of security and happiness.
This powerful characteristic that transitional phases possess have the potential to be a rewarding experience, as they provide an individual with the opportunity for growth and knowledge development through newfound relationships. In ‘The Story of Tom Brennan’, Tom exhibits this through his bond with Chrissy following the dark trauma he endures caused by his brother Daniel. Initially, Tom feels detached from his own identity as he refers to himself in third person “I missed…simple Tom Brennan”, emphasising his deteriorated mental state. However, the relationship he forms with Chrissy is instrumental in his recovery as he begins to find himself again. His passionate tone in “Today I kissed Chrissy Tulake, I felt like Tom Brennan” epitomizes how this bond empowers him to assert a stronger sense of personal identity. Burke, therefore, is able to reveal how transitional
Walls, “...lived in a world that at any moment could erupt into fire. It was...knowledge that kept you on your toes.” Often times, Jeannette, Lori, Brian, and Maureen were maltreated by Rex and Rose Mary Walls, their parents, through neglectful abuse. However, as the reader stands alongside Jeannette as she matures chapter by chapter the real conflict becomes clearer. In the beginning, as most children do, she tries to understand and accept the blatant lies or finds content in the absence of what she later begins to see as her deserved respect and need of care, but of course her father was her idol, hero, star. How could she bother to complain when he was obviously “onto something” bigger than them all? To be told “...I was his favorite child, but he made me promise not to tell Lori or Brian or Maureen. It was our secret…” then lose the same passion and faith in her father that she’d worked so hard to preserve? Unspeakable horror. This conflict with herself, distinct from Yousafzai’s person vs person conflict with the Taliban, is what she struggles with and avoids any real confrontation with through most of the memoir by distracting herself with the responsibility of improving the family’s
Although they endure some vague differences, the similarities in the character relationships in “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” by Joyce Oates and “Fences” by August Wilson are remarkably clear and merit a rigorous investigation. Therefore, focus will be placed on the relationship differences and/or similarities of comparable characters in each writing, to expose how the family dynamics of parents, children, and siblings can often be influential, ambiguous, and frequently even lacking.
The patient is Holden Caulfield, a sixteen-year-old teenage boy. Caulfield's appearance is tall for his age and surprisingly has quite a few gray hairs at the age of sixteen. Holden comes from an upper-middle class family. His family has enough money to support Holden with many luxuries including skates and expensive suitcases. It appears that Mr. and Mrs. Caulfield aren?t there to talk, care, and be there for Holden, which seems to drive Holden away from his family. However, he has an intimate bond with his younger siblings, who embody innocence and youth. The death of his brother Allie has left a large scar on Holden. He has a cherished and intimate relationship with his young
In result of this behavior by his parents, he was never able to learn to trust an adult. He didn’t even find one teacher at the multiple schools he attended that he could trust. One teacher he had some respect, but still no trust, for was Mr.Antolini, one of his old english teachers. Holden went to Mr. Antolini’s house, after visiting his sister, for a place to sleep since he could not stay at his house. While s at Mr. Antolini’s house, Holden fell asleep on the couch and he woke up to Mr. Antolini petting his hair from the ground. Not only did this incident freak Holden out, but it also reassured his negative view of adults.
Dr. Murray Bowen’s research shows that conflict in a family can not only cause emotional damage but physical damage. The three different parenting styles display the Shae family as disjointed which causes Sophie to suffer. An authoritative method should be used, coupled with a unified voice of all parental influences in the life of Sophie. Dr. Bowens states that the “differentiated person is always aware of others and the relationship system around him”. In the case of Gish Jen’s “Who’s Irish”, Sophie absorbs the relations around her and is deeply
(12) shows Tom?s authority and the how gender roles affected everyone back in the 1920?s. Tom?s overpowering demeanor hides his actual self, he has a strong aura around him which suggests his authority on everyone around him, making him a kill joy. ¬
Tom never does anything without doing it to the fullest, good or bad. Tom has an overall extremely short temper, assertive,confident and aggressive nature. Tom’s wild, emotional, and uncaring attitude end up getting three people killed. Tom in the end is ultimately concerned with himself and his lavished ,intense, and high paced
Family. It is a very fluid yet rigid idea. It has a wealth of definitions, all of which range in degree and magnitude, and vary from person to person; yet the concept of how a family should work and operate is very concrete in most American minds. Family is a bond that is crafted every second of everyday until it is powerful, and this can shape beliefs, outlooks, and confidence. A study found that children with father figures that are highly involved benefit because an immense range of emotions are modelled to them as children, and consequently they will be more adapt at recognizing and expressing their own emotions. In contrast children
His lack of sympathy contributes to the idea that the poor discipline he receives as a child results in a poor attitude. Contrary to Tom, the neglect Chambers receives as a child leads him to become extremely self-sufficient. Twain states, “Chambers was strong beyond his years” (27). This shows that the discipline Chambers is given instills a sense of strength within him; a strength that is not provided by his
The Talented Mr Ripley, a film directed by Anthony Minghella, based off a book by Patricia Highsmith, delves into the world of a psychotic young man named Thomas Ripley. Through the film Tom murders three people and usurps the identity of Dickie Greenleaf, a wealthy socialite. Desire is a core theme in this film, causing this character to act irrationally and impulsively, obviously shown in this film through when Tom steals Dickie’s identity after murdering him and mooches off Dickie’s allowance his father pays out. This was caused by Tom’s huge desire to live in a social class way above his own, surrounded by wealth and popularity. This theft of identity caused by the character’s un-satisfaction with his own/real life, directly relates to another film ‘Catch me if you Can’, where the main protagonist Frank Abagnale poses as multiple identities such as a Pan Am Pilot, a paediatrician, and an attorney. We can see similarities with Tom and Frank’s decisions caused by their strong desire for a higher status and a wealthy