General Goal: To inform
Specific Goal: To inform my audience of the creation of the U.S Marshals Service, The Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug Enforcement Administration and The Department of Homeland Security.
I. Introduction
A. Did you know that the oldest federal law enforcement agency in the United States is the U.S. Marshals Service?
II. In this speech, I am going to inform you about the country’s motives for creating the U.S. Marshals Service, Department of Homeland Security
III. Body:
A. To begin with, on the U.S. Marshals official website, under the section titled “History”, it states that The U.S. Marshals was formed by the Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789. The Judiciary act was created by the first Congress, the
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In addition to this, the first president of the United States, George Washington, played a significant role in the forming of the Judicial Department
2. In April of 1789, George Washington proposed an address to the first congress, which gave the Judicial Branch a great emphasis to influence congress to create the Judiciary Act. The U.S. Marshals service website states Washington’s address, says, and I quote, “I will be pleased therefore to let a supreme regard for equal justice and the inherent rights of the citizens be visible in all your proceedings”. Washington wanted all citizens to feel protected and also wanted equal justice for all of the people.
3. After a numerous amount of debates and the selection of the proposed amendments, the Judiciary Bill was passed by both the House and the Senate on July 17, 1789. Then, a few months later the American Judicial System was born alongside the U.S. Marshals Service, this took place on September 24, 1789. Today, the agency is 226 years old and it is definitely the oldest federal agency, although many other agencies have argued that they are older than the Marshals, no context has yet been found to prove the other department
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Now that we have reviewed the development of the FBI and the DEA, I will like to finish off with talking about the Department of Homeland Security. In the September 2012 issue of Homeland Security, titled “Past, Present and Future”, author Roger L. Kemp, explains that after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the President, who at the time was George W. Bush, named the head director of Homeland Security eleven days after the attacks. He was not confirmed until January 22, 2003. The main focus of this agency is to protect the country against terrorism and to respond to any future attacks. Then, George W. Bush signed the “Homeland Security Act of 2002” on November 25, 2002.
1. In addition to that, the 2011 journal titled “September 11 Anniversary” under the section “Is the U.S. Safer?”, states that the director that was appointed by the George W. Bush was the former governor of Pennsylvania, Tom Ridge.
2. One of Ridge’s first actions was to develop a color-coded Homeland Security Advisory System to inform the nation of possible attacks. (Show Image on P.P). As you can see on this image, the system is composed of five threat levels, green means that the risk is very low and red means that there is a high risk for
John Marshall was the Secretary of State for President Adams. It was his job to deliver these commissions to the new appointees. Many of them were delivered, but some were not, including, William Marbury's. When the new President, Thomas Jefferson, was sworn in, he told the new Secretary of State, James Madison, to not deliver the commissions to the other judge appointees. Marbury and several others brought
When Adams lost the election, he lost control over the federalist courts. Soon after that, the judicial act of 1807 was established. The mighty judge was William Marbury. William Marbury had debated with James Madison. Marbury lost the debate. This was the Supreme Court first time where they stuck down a law as unconstitutional for judicial review.
In the early years of the eighteenth Century, the young United States of America were slowly adapting to the union and the way the country was governed. And just like the country, the governmental powers were starting to develop. Since the creation of the Constitution and due to the Connecticut Compromise, there is the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial Power. But the existence of those powers was not always that naturally. In these crucial times, the Judicial Power had problems controlling the other powers. It was a challenge for the Supreme Court to exercise the powers granted by the new Constitution. Federal Government was not generally appreciated and
The federal judiciary was established as a significant institution in 1801. President John Adams was leaving the office involuntarily and feared the death of the Federalist Party. He thought he could keep it going in the court system by appointing John Marshall as Chief Justice of the United States and the Judiciary Act of 1801 was another part of his plan. The law relieved the Supreme Court Justices from riding circuit and holding court away from home for the older men. It created circuit judgeships, which would be filled by Federalists. The Chief Justice appointment and the Judiciary Act made the courts a great political battleground. The Supreme Court was the main target because it was not considered a significant institution and received little attention. As Chief Justice, John Jay felt his duties so light that he became American minister to the Court of St. James?s and then to campaign successfully for governor of New York. He did not consider a second appointment to be worthwhile. Also, Oliver Ellsworth as Chief Justice had enough time to be a minister to France in 1800. It was not considered unusual for John Marshall to continue to be Secretary of State in the Adams administration for one month while he was serving as Chief Justice. (2)
Marshall complained that the Constitution is the “supreme law of the land” and that the Supreme Court ultimately has the final say so when it comes to evaluating the meaning of the Constitution. Marshall states, “ lt is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.” To present Marshall’s initial plea at hand, Marshall argues that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional. In Marshall 's perspective, Congress could not present the Supreme Court with the power to issue an order granting Marbury his commission. Only the Constitution could do so, and the document said nothing about the Supreme Court having the power to issue such an order. Thus, the Supreme Court could not force Jefferson and Madison to appoint Marbury, because it did not have the power to do so.
The Supreme Court was established in 1789, with its powers stated in Article III of the newly-ratified United States Constitution. In the years leading up to the Marshall era, the Court was little more than a shadow of its future self. It lacked both the prestige and authority of the latter 19th century. John Jay–and his successors, Rutledge and Ellsworth–oversaw few cases, and ever fewer significant ones. Often cited as an example of the early Court’s inefficiency, their most
Post September 11, Americans made the massive movement towards anti-terrorism. After the attacks, President George W. Bush created the Department of Homeland Security to help protect the citizens from terrorists. On that note as well, this counterterrorism move impacted law enforcement as well. Their roles grew from community law enforcement to proactively mitigating terrorist activities and intelligence gathering.
Established in 1789, the Supreme Court was created to interpret the meaning of the Constitution and to use that interpretation to declare any actions of the Legislative or Executive Branches unconstitutional. However, the Supreme Court was capable of also acquiring more functions as evidence of the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison (1803). The case dealt with President John Adams appointing sixteen new circuit court justices for the District of Colombia. Adams appointed these justices so that his political party would have more justices than the rival party. Problematically, the appointment letters were not delivered by the end of his term. By that basis, President Thomas Jefferson annulled the appointments because he retained the right to appoint the justices during his time of jurisdiction. Consequently, this aggravated the appointed justice and therefore one of the justices named William Marbury filed a case in the Supreme Court over the commissions that they were promised (Goldstone). The Court ruled that Marbury did have a right to commission and also with it made a statement that enacted the doctrine of Judicial Review. This meant that the court had the "right to review, and possibly nullify, laws and governmental acts that violate the constitution. Judicial Review is a means of assuring that politicians and various other leaders adhere to the constitution and do not use powers granted to them by
As the United States begin to develop and became rapidly growing, president George Washington wanted to find a way to ensure that all citizens of the United States were being well secure and protected. As more tensions began to develop in this country ideas such protecting your rights and protecting what you should say about an event that occurred that can be useful for evidence. Ideas such as having someway or someone to protect us from any threats or any type of conflict we might be having with a certain situation. This new federal agency can not only help the government but the civilians as well. When George Washington was elected president in 1789, he decided to create an act. This act was called jurisdiction act, and what it is it
The first Supreme Court Justice took office in 1789. His name was John Jay and he accepted the offer to take the position when offered it by George Washington. Congress approved him later in the year and he stayed in office until 1795. There have been many more Chief Justices in the United States Supreme Court with a current number of seventeen and with more to come.
The United States of America experienced the greatest, and arguably the most significant, restructure of both governmental and legal proportions in its contemporary history. Following the suddenness of the attacks, the United States was desperate to ensure that an onslaught of a similar stature was subdued. Henceforth, the Homeland Security Act of 2002 was established, bringing into existence the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), a department specifically concerned with internal issues faced by the USA. Primarily made as a direct response to the 9/11 attacks, the role of the DHS is to protect the United States of America and its given states and territories from danger; specifically, terrorist attacks, man-made accidents, and natural disasters; this is commonly seen in airports in the form of Customs and Border Control which are two functions of the DHS, following its subsequent take over of the IHS (Immigration and Naturalisation Services) in 2003. In the same movement for security, the *USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 was legislated in an attempt to “detect and prosecute terrorism and other crimes”
The establishment of one of the most influential powers of the Supreme Court--the power of judicial review-- and the development of the judicial branch can be attributed to Marshall’s insightful interpretation of the Constitution ("The Marshall Court”).
This situation seemed to have changed drastically in 1801 when President John Adams appointed John Marshall of Virginia to be the fourth Chief Justice. Confident that nobody would tell him not to, Marshall took clear and firm steps to define the role and powers of both the Supreme Court and the judiciary system. This is something that seemed to have gone unnoticed so far.
The overall influence of the Supreme Court under John Marshall can be understood through the five main court cases over which he presided; Marbury v. Madison (1803), Fletcher v. Peck (1810), Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819), McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824). The first significant case Marshall was faced with was Marbury v. Madison in 1803. In the last few days of his presidency, John Adams appointed members of the Federalist Party to the new offices he created within the judicial branch. When Thomas Jefferson took office he told James Madison, his secretary of state, not to deliver the unsent commissions to some of the “midnight appointments”, one of who was William Marbury. He appealed to the Supreme Court, asking for a court order that would require Madison to send out the commission, which was part of his job. The Judiciary Act of 1789 supported Marbury’s demands because it authorized the Supreme Court to order
Founders of the United States of America believed in providing the people of this great nation with a fair, and impartial judicial system. The basic rights of the people, which are listed in the Bill of Rights, needed to be respected and protected by the government. Abraham Lincoln once said “Government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the Earth”. Every part of the United States government has a duty to protect the people that gave the government power, and one organization in particular plays a very large role in this charge. The Judicial System of the United States America is a complex organization constructed to uphold the authority of the Constitution, and federal law. The judges within the