Context
Every message an audience receives is composed of information which appeals to them on both rational an emotional levels. Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Michigan, Ted Brader, states in his article published in Journal of Political Science that while rational appeals rely on the relay of information so the audience can make utilitarian decisions, emotional appeals motivate responses by making the audience feel a certain way. This paper sets out to establish what has been understood regarding emotional appeals, and to critically evaluate what has been proposed surrounding their use. Understanding emotional appeals is relevant, especially in a post-truth society, because these appeals have the power to influence
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Different emotions are processed in distinct ways by the brain. To understand the processing methods Devenport, Doctor of Philosphy, Thiel, PhD, and Connelly and Kligyte both professors of psychology at the University of Oklahoma, juxtapose in their Human Performance article, the effects of two intense emotions: anger and fear. Their studies show anger to be linked with feelings of certainty, individual control, displaced responsibility, and threatened self-esteem. They explain that anger is processed “heuristically” or from the top down, and that this kind of processing includes biased and retaliatory thinking. This results in a limitation of the focus of a situation’s interpretation to oneself, and such thinking is linked to preferences for risky and impulsive behaviour and …show more content…
There is something else to consider when examining emotional appeals, regardless of its association, which is the rationality of the appeal itself. National Research Council in Italy member, Miceli, and university professors Rosis and Poggi, argue in their paper for Applied Artificial Intelligence that messages which appeal to emotions are not always irrational, while Panda, Mishra, and Brader propose that irrational behaviour is best encouraged through emotional appeals.
Panda, Professor of Marketing, and Mishra, Doctoral Scholar at Ravenshaw University, find in their contribution to The IUP Journal of Brand Management that companies whose advertisements created emotional links with their audience through colour, music, and tonalities were far more successful in garnering an audience willing to pay high premiums than those whose advertisements focused on information, formatting rational appeals. Their research also shows that affective buying behaviour (behavioural response to an affective advertising appeal) is not only less stressful for consumers, but also that consumers required less information about their product before they buy it. Panda and Mishra’s work demonstrates that emotion has the potential to override the need for information and rational decision making because “when exposed to an affect-laden advertising appeal,
In Rhetoric, Aristotle identifies one rhetorical appeal, the emotional appeal, as "awakening emotion in the audience so as to induce them to make the judgment desired” (Book 2.1.2–3). The appeal to emotion as described by Aristotle is used to persuade the audience by developing emotions in them that support a final argument. Emotions or emotional connections to certain ideas can serve to sway the opinion of the audience. The emotional appeals that a writer uses can take many forms from subtle word choice to straightforward comparisons. Writer Eric Schlosser uses an appeal to emotion in his essay where he describes the modern technique of marketing to children. Schlosser evaluates how pervasive advertising directed at children has become in
Since humans are innately emotional beings, appealing to feelings can have an immense influence on the audience as well. This is why pathos is such an effective tool for persuasion. Most notably, the use of logic and reasoning forces the reader to confront facts. Logos are essential in a good argument because they utilize irrefutable evidence to inform the audience and reduce opposition. The rhetorical devices that Stanton included in the document were extremely effective in gaining support for the women’s rights
Carson Bos Pravin Writing 010 2 March 2024 Writing response 1 Arguments Based on Emotion-Pathos Summary: “Arguments Based on Emotion-Pathos” explores the use of pathos, or emotional arguments. The author begins with a description of emotional arguments, noting that emotions influence almost all decisions and appeals of this type can be a powerful tool. Then, the composition of the piece changes to various examples of emotional appeals in ads, political cartoons, speeches, etc. interwoven with analysis of said examples and tips for using similar appeals. As the piece progresses, the author discusses the use of emotional arguments to connect with an audience, present one’s self in a certain light, strengthen an existing argument, or form the
This paper will examine Robert C. Solomon's Emotions and Choices article, to best identify what anger is, and to what extent a rational human being is responsible for their anger. Firstly, Solomon's argument must be described. A quick summation of Solomon's argument can be found in the following four points: Emotions are judgements, emotions are chosen, emotions serve a purpose, and emotions are rational.1 To quote Solomon, he explains that “Emotions are not occurrences, and do not happen to us. They ... may be chosen like an action.”2
In Neil Postman’s novel, Amusing Ourselves to Death, he argues that rationality in America has become dictated by television. Through the use of ethos, pathos, and logos, Postman demonstrates that his claim is valid and reliable. These are three forms of persuasion that are used to influence others to agree with a particular point of view. Ethos, or ethical appeal, is used to build an author’s image. Ethos establishes a sense of credibility and good character for the author (Henning). Pathos, or emotional appeal, involves engaging “an audience's sense of identity, their self-interest, their emotions” (Henning). If done correctly, the power of emotions can allow the reader to be swayed to agree with the author. Logos, or logical appeal,
During the featured article “how to make your exercise high last,” the author, S. Angle, describes the high you receive during and after a workout. This high is a feeling that you can’t miss, it happens after a great workout is finished, this feeling puts one's self in an astounding mood, plus making you ready for your next workout. The only problem with this is that it simply lasts for about 20 to 30 minutes before the feeling begins to go away. Studies by Johannes Fuss, Ph.D., the lead research of this study, have recently proven that this high feeling that many people enjoy are from our levels of endocannabinoids, and endorphins being at high levels. Endocannabinoids tend to have a more powerful effect on how we feel. Firstly, Endocannabinoids
Jennifer S. Lerner, author of Emotion and Decision Making, talks about how our emotions can actively affect our actions. In Lerner’s book, it states, “We start with emotions arising from the judgement or a choice at hand, a type of emotion that strongly and routinely shapes decision making.” Our emotions cause us to make certain decisions in our everyday lives. For example a person who is feeling nervous and anxious about a specific outcome of a risky situation may choose a more safe route. A person who admires an organization may donate money. In both cases, our the way we feel about something or someone determines how we address a situation and how we treat someone or something. In some way our emotions act as our conscience in each situation we go through that requires us to choose an outcome .
Politicians use persuasion in order to receive the most votes and win the election. Using emotional appeals is a great way to connect the speaker and the audience. One example of using an emotional appeal is in Anthony Brown’s campaign. “the Maryland Democratic Party mailed out hundreds of thousands of pamphlets this week that connect the gubernatorial bid of Anthony G. Brown to the country’s sometimes painful struggle for civil rights-including Freedom Summer of 1963 and the recent racial tension in Ferguson, Mo” (Johnson web). Brown is using emotional appeals by relating past civil rights struggles to voting rights in order to receive more votes from the African American population.
According to the Death Penalty Information Center, eighteen states have abolished the death penalty since its implementation (Facts About the Death Penalty). But what are the reasons behind doing so? Historically, public policy concerning capital punishment has shifted dramatically, from required capital punishment to jury nullification to a rise in the abolition of the practice. Public opinion has shifted alongside policy, with more and more Americans disapproving of the death penalty and the morality behind it, citing it as an inhumane and hypocritical approach to justice and punishment. I am with the the more progressive Americans that do not believe in administering the death penalty under any circumstances. Rather, I support life imprisonment or the insanity defense for capital offenses whenever appropriate. Capital punishment is ineffective because it lowers the state down to the level of the defendant, frequently discriminates against racial minorities and those of lower socioeconomic status, and it has been abolished in nearly every other modern democratic country.
Being educated Christian means knowing the overall aspects of Christianity. There are many aspects of Christianity that roots back to Judaism Both historically and theologically; Christianity shares a tie with Judaism. It is undeniable that historically Christianity roots back to Judaism. And theologically, it shares the same divine god and its early preaching. The customs and traditions that early Christians followed were mostly Jewish traditions. However, over the time, both religions grew up to the animosity towards each other. Observing the animosity, there has been many incidents where Jews and Christians have not tolerated each other. Therefore, understanding Judaism is essential to learn the holistic nature and history of the
Consumption is a process of acquiring, using and disposing of goods and services. Emotions play a very large role in consumer behavior. This behavior and emotions are affected and created by the society and the culture in which the consumer lives. For example, an American may approach the purchase of a costly car with relatively less pressure than a person in a developing country where a car could be a high unaffordable luxury. The customer will comprehend brands, offers and the meaning of the product based on the understanding that he or she has of similar brands and their experience by analogy or by hearsay from peers and form an opinion. For example a new soft drink from Pepsi may not be very informative in its advertisement but that it is from the stable of PepsiCo makes the users of Pepsi brands take it in without much research. Such an opinion is not based mostly on the complete set of facts. Where there are many alternatives or the information is scarce the customer has to make a lot of effort or 'high effort' to reach a decision and such a situation could be a turnoff. On the other hand the customer may not be inclined to devolve deep into facts in case where the brand value is established and may make a decision on little or even sometimes no information. (Hoyer;
When studying fear appeals one research article noted that it was most effective when the threat component preceded the recommendation component. The rise or increase aspect suggests persuasion is a function of the magnitude of the difference between baseline fear and peak fear. The peak aspect highlights the level of fear aroused regardless of the individual’s state of fear prior to the message. The decrease aspect implies the possibility that it is the degree to which fear is reduced, presuming that it is first aroused, that determines persuasion (Dillard & Anderson, 2004). The study tested a person’s positive BIS correlation associated with a premessage of fear as well as its increase and peak. BAS, however, is unrelated to all parts of
The second source, The End Of Rational Vs. Emotional: How Both Logic And Feeling Play Key Roles In Marketing And Decision Making, Douglas Van Praet argues that contrary to the belief that emotional appeal is the best way to persuade an audience, both rational and emotional appeals should be used interchangeably to get the message across. Van Praet suggests that, “Our critical mind is always looking for evidence to support our beliefs,” in other words, while our feelings do seem to be the root of our decisions, we still make those decisions based on logic and seek rational evidence to support those emotions. This source also reveals that some companies, such as Dyson, base their advertisements solely on factual information. They offer a short and sweet ad to prove their point quickly and effectively, which seems to be a successful route for the popular company. Logical appeal, or Logos, is primarily used in Praet’s article to show the advantages of intertwining the two appeals, especially with his thorough example of James Dyson’s vacuum company. He also uses Pathos by revealing
In the next paragraphs I will consider some theories, factors and evidence on cognitive controlling of emotion in terms of
Over the last 2 decades it has been understood that collaboration of different areas play a huge role understanding human behavior. In the other hand, being rational, according to the Oxford definition, is “being able to think sensibly or logically. Using reason and logic”. If emotions did not affect our rationality, how can we possibly have so much crime and at the same time, so much success from others? The same answer is applied to this part of the question; emotions alone do not affect our rationality. It is a complex system of interconnected networks including emotions, cognitions, physiology, psychology and more.