Evaluate The Cognitive Perspective Essay

The Stroop experiment by J. Ridley Stroop in 1935 was performed in order to analyze the reaction time of participant’s stimuli and desired results while also obtaining a collective result of color interference and word reading(Stroop, 1935; Lee & Chan, 2000). In the experiment three forms of the test were given, the first consisting of color patches, the second had the color words printed in black and the other was an incongruent test beaming the color did not match the color word

The Stroop effect was tested on four different tasks. Nineteen Queens College students were recruited by flyer, and each were assigned to a word reading task, color reading task, color inhibition task, and word inhibition task. They were timed using a stopwatch function on a cell phone, to name the color, or word to the quickest of their ability. In the order from longest reaction time to shortest: inhibition color naming task, color naming task, inhibition word reading, and word reading. This study shows that people can read words more quickly than they can name colors, and that inhibiting an automatic response to color/word tasks will take longer to do than tasks that do not involve inhibition.

In Stroop’s (1935) interference article, it was discovered that there is more interference in color naming then color reading. The experiment described in the article tested whether there was more interference from words or from colors (Stroop 1935). Two tests were administered each with a separate control. The RCNd test determined how fast one could read color names where the color was different from the color name while the NCWd test determined how fast one could name colors where the color was different from the word on the page. The mean time for 100 responses increased from 63.3 seconds on the RCNd test to 110.3 seconds on the NCWd test or an

In the Stroop (1935) experiment he has proved that the effect is going to be one of the two slower or faster. In the non-conflict, some of the participants had to read two sets of words: set one with word written in their contradicting word so this has made it to be conflicting. Stroop (1935) came out to find that there are different association of words and the colors. Stroop (1935) wanted to see if they had any differences in the reaction time when the association was conducted. He noticed that the participants took longer read the conflicting word rather than the actual name word. The non-conflict was much easier and faster to do.

In another study, five experiments were conducted to determine if coloring a single Stroop element reduced automaticity or slowed the processing of a color. The results demonstrated that indeed it slowed processing of congruent and neutral stimuli more than it slows processing of incongruent stimuli (Monahan, 2001).

In the Stroop task, participants are asked to name the colour of the ink that a colour word is written in, while ignoring the written the word (Goldfarb et al., 2011; Raz et al., 2006). The task is comprised of congruent words, where the ink colour and the written word match and incongruent words, where the ink colour and the written word do not match. The Stroop task has illustrated that participants respond slower and less accurately when the word is incongruent compared to when it is congruent (Goldfarb et al., 2011; Raz et al., 2006). The difference in the accuracy and speed of responses between the congruent and incongruent words is called the Stroop Effect (Goldfarb et al., 2011; Raz et al., 2006). Research has suggested that this occurs

The experiment used the same red and green stimuli in each trial instead of other opponent colors such as black and white or blue and yellow. The small sample size studied could have also lead to random variation in the results.

The Stroop (1935) effect is the inability to ignore a color word when the task is to report the ink color of that word (i.e., to say "green" to the word RED in green ink). The present study investigated whether object-based processing contributes to the Stroop effect. According to this view, observers are unable to ignore irrelevant features of an attended object (Kahneman & Henik, 1981). In three experiments, participants had to name the color of one of two superimposed rectangles and to ignore words that appeared in the relevant object, in the irrelevant object, or in the background. The words were congruent,

Many tests, surveys, games, etc. use a stimulation where the person involved has to read a word, a color, but the text is written in a color that is not the color written. Someone would have to name the color the text is written in, opposed to reading the word, or identify when the color of the text and the word match. For example, if the following was displayed on the screen: green, a person would have to say “red” because that is what the text is written in, or identify that the color and the word do not match. Everyone associates the name of a color with that color. But for people with grapheme-color synesthesia, it word association goes beyond this.

In 1935, the Stroop Effect was first established by John Ridley Stroop. Research done by John Ridley Stroop emphasizes the processing of words that it has on the more studious challenge of naming just the ink color. The Stroop Effect is a proof of interference in the reaction time of an exercise. In the Stroop Effect, subjects are tested only on naming colors of incompatible words and of control patches (MacLeod 1991). Many tests can be distributed, all varied in the colors and words. Any color can be used; the same goes with any word being used. Subjects receive a time of how long it took them to read each test; where the subjects find a time difference between the different tests. When taking some of these tests, people may experience a mental sensation comparable to running in a swimming pool (Bower 1992).

We are replicating J.R. Stroop’s original experiment The Stroop Effect (Stroop, 1935). The aim of the study was to understand how automatic processing interferes with attempts to attend to sensory information. The independent variable of our experiment was the three conditions, the congruent words, the incongruent words, and the colored squares, and the dependent variable was the time that it took participants to state the ink color of the list of words in each condition. We used repeated measures for the experiment in order to avoid influence of extraneous variables. The participants were 16-17 years of age from Garland High School. The participants will be timed on how long it takes them to say the color of the squares and the color of the words. The research was conducted in the Math Studies class. The participants were aged 16-17 and were students at Garland High School. The results showed that participants took the most time with the incongruent words.

They were able to answer questions such as the reaction between the visual and verbal reactions. The impact in terms of degree of interference was also evident from the results. The source of interference are the study aspects; color and naming. The conflicting color and word stimuli had an impact on the time taken by the subjects to read the given world. The authors argue that this was due to lack of coherence between visual interpretation and the expected verbal reaction. The subject gender had an impact on the results. The females had a better verbal reaction time compared to the males. According to the authors, this could be attributed to how the two genders normally react to color stimuli. Ideally, women usually possess high color stimulus-response

The cognitive perspective focuses on the how people mentally process and retrieve information. It looks at how we process information we receive and how the information leads to our information. The mind also reasons and solves problems is like a computer operating all the time. People are always learning new things, getting new information to memorize and always thinking making the mind work. When having a problem our mind is working finding out the solution. Mental processes should and can be investigated scientifically. They actively organize and manipulate information we receive. As well, includes the senses and the processing of what we sense on how it interacts with what we already know. Helping to make decisions by judging inside the

Cognitive Interviews: The research assistants who contacted eligible patients (JS: female research assistant; NM: female research assistant; TDG: male research assistant) were those who conducted the interviews. All research assistants had prior experience conducting qualitative interviews with patients. However, not all research assistants had conducted cognitive interviews in the past. Prior to starting data collection, the study principal investigator (M-A D) and research project coordinator (RWY) trained all research assistants in conducting cognitive interviews following verbal-probing techniques.(38-41) After reviewing each DQI question together, the interviewer asked for other specific information related to the question or to the answer

If the reaction time between the stimulus and the response increases when the colour of the word and the word itself are not the same, then the reaction time would decrease when the word and the colour of the word are the same. The Stroop effect is an observable way to view the difficulties the brain has in identifying conflicting sensory information. The conflicting sensory data that people are given will affect the time of their responses and impact on their ability to read the information out correctly and fluently.