Ethos Pathos And Logos From The Marketing Perspective Marketers

What captures the attention of people when they view an advertisement, commercial or poster? Is it the colors, a captivating phrase or the people pictured? While these are some of the elements often employed in advertising, we can look deeper and analyze the types of appeals that are utilized to draw attention to certain advertisements. The persuasive methods used can be classified into three modes. These modes are pathos, logos, and ethos. Pathos makes an appeal to emotions, logos appeals to logic or reason and ethos makes an appeal of character or credibility. Each appeal can give support to the message that is being promoted.

Nowadays, commercial is becoming a major part of mass media. It does not only try to inform people about the availability and attractiveness of industrial good productions but also contribute to build an awareness of resources and alternatives for customer in daily life. There are thousands of commercials, so to attract customer, advertisers use various kinds on their commercial to make people aware of the firm's products, services or brands. Though they use various kinds on the commercial, the main goal of advertising tries to convince customer to buy their products, or do what they want. An excellent commercial will create a deep impression on their customers, or who want to become their customers by using three classical appeals:

According to Holt (2004), a brand can be defined as a term, name or a design that distinguishes product or service of one manufacturer from others. Brands are normally utilized in advertising, business and marketing. In accounting terms, brand is an intangible asset which is present within every organization. It is most valuable asset that is outlined in the balance sheet of a company. Brands owners need to effectively manage their brands in order to enhance shareholder value. Brand valuation is an important technique that associates money with a brand. Effective branding often results into high sales volumes of a particular product. A customer who prefers a brand is more likely to choose other products which are offered by the same brand. Brand can be stated as a personality that facilitates identification of a company, product or service. It even encompasses relation with other constituents like customers, partners, investors, staff, etc. Individuals distinguish psychological aspect of a brand from experimental

A brand is what can either attract people to you or make people avoid you; people would identify you by the brand you portray. One can communicate their brand through actions and words. “It is essential to understand that wherever we are, in whatever we do, we are all building our brand”.

A brand is an organisation, product or service which has created an emotional connection with their consumers in order for them to favour their brand over their competitors. It is incredibly important for brands to keep up their image and one little thing could change the global perception of a business. It takes a lot to maintain a brand image that has been built up over a long period of time and even more to regain it if that reputation is lost. Brands are created through various different aspects such as their visuals, tone of voice, advertising, actions and reputation. The combination of these will leave their consumers with long lasting emotions and perceptions of a particular brand and will effect whether they support a business or not and whether they would favour or avoid it. When a brand looses their image it can cost a lot of money and time to rebrand to prevent complete failure of the product or service.

According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), a brand is a “name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition”. However, as Keller highlights, a brand is also “something that has actually created a certain amount of awareness, reputation, prominence, and so on in the marketplace”. Therefore, a brand is an identity created to differentiate itself from the competitors and to be remembered in consumer’s mind.

According to Keller (2012) state that brand identity and image as two key vital tools to manage brands effectively, Furthermore, as shown Figure 2, Brand identity at the sender side, to deliver such as brand meaning, aim. Also, it exist the other source: firstly, company might consider the mimicry situation and marketing area; second, Stella create hers company exactly based on hers lifelong vegetarian faith. Message side shows the nature factors of brand, the product Stella mainly provide, target markets, stores located and the communication with customers Like Stella target their customer as 20-50 years old people with higher income; Good fashion awareness; prefer design and high quality clothing; Eco-friendly, conscious women (Drexler, 2014). In this process, it exist competition such as Alexander McQueen, Vivienne Westwood which has similar sustaining operation background (Cronin, 2014). At final stage, brand image as Receiver side, customer receive Stella particular image. For instance, Point-of-Difference (POD’S) attribute stand out Eco-fashion, vegetarian image, environmentally and sustainability conscious (Stella McCartney, 2015).

Part 1 - Branding is a story given from the organization to the consumer, or information it is the sum of all the information about a product, service, or organization used to communicate a certain image or relationship to the public (Valette-Florence, et.al., 2011). Brand personality is a set of human characteristics associated with a particular brand the way the brand behaves if it were a human entity. For instance, we tend to see the Marlboro Man as masculine, the Virginia Slims woman as feminine; IBM as older and establishment, Apple as younger and hip; Coke conforms, Pepsi is for a new generation. Brand personalities, much like humans, are built overtime. It is important because it refers to the outcome of the consumer's total experience with the brand. Thus, in the consumer's mind, the brand personality merges over time to form an overall concept of what they might expect. McDonald's, Apple, Levis, Nike, etc. all have this emotional and ethereal feeling that transcends their current marketing message and becomes iconic (Wheeler, 2006; Valette-Florence).

Brand image ,as an indispensable complementarity, impact consumers ' decisions through brand associations. Brand associations make consumers have different, positive and exclusive links to products. To build a strong brand equity, companys should convey exclusive and positive brand association to consumers. For example, considering Sony, consumers alway link with colourful, creative, digital and so forth. Diverse associations have been linked with this brand. These brand associations ultimately work on consumers ' decisions.

New marketing programs can be applied to improve strength and uniqueness of brand association. Any negative association must be ignored and every positive association must be adopted.

The word “Brand” owes its origin to the Norwegian word “brand” which means to burn. Farmers used to put some identification mark on the body of the livestock to distinguish their possession. Products are what companies make, but customers buy brands. Therefore marketers resorted to branding in order to distinguish their offeringsfrom similar products and services provided by their competitors. Additionally, it carries an inherent assurance to the customers that the quality of a purchase will be similar to earlier purchases of the same brand. A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol or design or a combination of one seller or a group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors.

Brand strategy plays an important role in making a brand strong. For example, ‘brand strategy decisions involve brand positioning, brand name selection, brand sponsorship and brand development’ (Kotler, Brown, Adam, Burton, Armstrong, 2007). With strong brands, their brand is positioned on ‘strong beliefs and values’ (Kotler, Brown, Adam, Burton, Armstrong, 2007). These strong brands arouse different emotions, for example, the brand Nike might make the consumer think that wearing Nike will give them a ‘cool look’. Another example of this is that using Colgate toothpaste will give consumers ‘healthy, beautiful smiles for life’ (Kotler, Brown, Adam, Burton, Armstrong, 2007). The importance of a brand is also important in a strong brand as it influences the types of brands that consumers will buy. In a study conducted by Swedish students, they found that consumer lifecycle stages affect how they view different brands. For example, when a person is single they seek to ‘define their self-identity’ (Sääksjärvi, Kedzior, 2006, p2). Therefore, the importance of a strong brand is that consumers can find the right brand for

Consumers also like to develop a relationship with a brand and are loyal to those brands sometimes regardless of change, appearance, or price. Each brand has its own personality just like individuals who seek to be unique. Anything that is personable an individual gravitates to it. Brands now have the power to market to different segments utilizing personalization and personality to create a relationship.

A brand is not only a combination of names, slogans, logos, packaging, advertising and marketing that together give a particular product or service a physical, recognisable form, brands have a cerebral dimension, which is the reputation they a consumer’s mind. Brands must engender trust and loyalty if they are ultimately to be purchased. (Williams 2000). Therefore, what would be considered a successful brand is one that signifies the relationship between the company and the customer and requires intelligent, strategic and coordinated decisions in many areas of marketing (D et al. 2008). A brand identity serves as a way to communicate the values of a company or service to people and for this reason, is a vital part of any business. (Markovich 2016)

Brand image is consumers’ perception about a brand which is reflected by the brand association held in customer memory. Brand association contains the meaning of the brand for the consumers. Unique brand image is essential to be a successful brand. Some important brand associations of Apple are user friendly, lifestyle, educational, cool, creative, nice graphics, innovative, emotional benefits, desktop publishing. These brand associations come to mind of consumers when they think of Apple branding. Through breakthrough products as well as skillful marketing, Apple has been able to achieve strong, favorable, and unique brand image. Some commonly mentioned associations for Nokia are look, professionals, Bluetooth, Infra red, PC integration, technology demanding people. The brand associations of Nokia are good but they are not effective enough to create emotion in the mindset of consumers. Consequently, Nokia failed to create rich brand image in comparison to