Ethical Research Involving Human Subjects

A review of the proposed participants of the study will ensure high-risk groups (if any) will be considered as per the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (‘National Statement’; NHMRC, 2007). While some of these high-risk

The first ethical principle stated by the Belmont Report is respect for persons. “Respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection” (The Belmont Report). The researcher must respect the subjects decisions and be obliged to allow them to take part of the experiment voluntarily. The second

Over the years human experiments has developed the knowledge of human physiology and psychology. However, the use of human’s subject in research have to become a controversial issue in our society. It has become a debatable questions whether it’s ethical or not. There has to be a limit to where certain experiments can be implemented on humans such as trials for drugs and social experiments. There are moral principles that guides our research into deciding what is “right or wrong”. This principles is governed by two philosophical theory which is deontology and utilitarianism. However, they need to balance the risk and benefit for the participant associated with the research.

As we achieve burgeons of new technologies, we must also face the irreprehensible sacrifices. The old scientific adage reminds us that no trial can go without error. Many of the present day technologies may prove beneficial but the processes of development and discovery often come at high prices. Countless experiments have been conducted in the names of science and the advancement of mankind. Regardless of their outcomes, these experiments require some form of a test subject. Any life sustaining test subject has been the root of many ethical issues, with human test subjects being one of the most controversial. Granted the advantageous products of labor, the definition for what we, as moral

To ensure that a researcher’s enthusiasm for knowledge and understanding doesn’t let them get carried away, clear guidelines for ethical behaviour in research, a Code of Ethics, have been established by governments, institutions and various professional societies such as the American Psychological Association(APA), the British Psychological Society (BPS) and the Psychological Society of Ireland (PSI).

When reviewing this week’s lecture and readings, I was met with a wealth of information, specifically, that informed consent, isn’t a one-time kind of thing, that in reality, it’s a process, one which is always in flux. With that being said, although the “International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects” is glaringly tedious, there were still some guidelines I took issue with. For example, Guideline 5 “Justification of the involvement of children” as Lyons herself states, this amorphous notion that children are deemed qualifiable for research if they are ‘reasonable’, What does that even mean? What constitutes a child as reasonable enough to understand the burden, risks and benefits of a clinical trial? Nevertheless, I understand that children, first and foremost, demand our protection because they are an extremely vulnerable population, but also necessitate scientific research in their own right. It is a nice sentiment, that adults should undergo clinical research in lieu of a child, but as stated in Santoro – “Extrapolations from adult studies and experiences are not always appropriate given

The atrocities involved in unethical human research led to the National Commission to establish the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research resulting in development of ethical codes of conduct and principles to guide research. The foundation of research rest on the principles of: Respect of Person, Beneficence, and Justice. Certainly as unethical practice overlaps in its occurrence, so does application of the Belmont Principles, research relies on complete data, as a result the consideration for protection of human subjects must include all aspects of human

weaknesses. The content of this book is relevant to my project, as it examines ethics in

Respect for persons is one of the basic ethical principles. According to the Belmont Report, “Respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection. “(The Belmont Report, n.p.) It emphasizes that the participants in a human research should be respected as independent individuals with autonomies. Some people might understand the term “respect for persons” is only to respect every participant and their opinion in the research. However, respect for persons also required researchers to characterize participants and identify whether they are with autonomies or not. Not everyone is capable for

For my community connection, I have chosen to contact university professors who are competent in the area of bioethics, namely Dr. Michael P. Berman and Dr. Brian Lightbody. I found these individuals on the Brock University faculty, as professors who teach bioethics. I hope to have an email correspondence with these professors, and use that information to further the ethical implications of human experimentation.

Ethically, the studies are very good. Using children it can be difficult to conduct experiments and tests. But the researchers did simple studies and allowed any children that concluded that they did not want to participate, to leave at any time. Studies were conducted using all races and backgrounds and did not limit to any gender or socioeconomic status. Most of the studies were small and again I wish they could be bigger and more direct to the question at hand, but the studies were very ethic to keep the adolescents safe. The studies were accessible, affordable and accountable.

In the field of psychology researchers have to follow a code of ethics that outlines what is morally right and what is morally wrong. These codes are put in place to protect participant’s rights during the time of the study. Psychologists follow these codes to prevent any deception from happening and to allow a flawless study to be conducted. Low income families trying to get the perfect care for their child needs is very difficult with limited funds that are available to them. During this study to aid those struggling families, researchers will follow the ethical procedures to ensure the full potential of the study.

Since the United States approved the regulations that controls the research on human subjects in 1970s, there have been many discussions and arguments concerning this approval on research on humans; the issues focuses clinical research like the risk management, the use of substances (drugs) with no therapeutic effect – placebos in a group, selecting random sample of a population, informed consent, adverse events and investigation on susceptible populations. “ Most of those controversial researches no human subjects were the Department of Energy’s secret human radiation experimental exercise, HIV research in developed countries, and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study have been about medical

This chapter is describing the research methodology for the study. In this chapter, key elements such as the geographical area of the study conducted, the sample and population of the study design and the instrument that used to collect and analyze data were fully describe. Most of the researcher were detailed the methodology so that they can reached the purpose of the study.