REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) once considered as an adult disease is now being reported in children all over the world. The highest prevalence of this is found in American Indians, Hispanics, African Americans, and Asian children [1]. It is comparatively less in European countries [1]. Recent estimates indicate that there were 171 million people in the world with diabetes mellitus in the year 2000. It is projected to increase to 366 million by 2030 [2]. Diabetes mellitus is a condition primarily defined by the level of hyperglycaemia which giving rise to the risk of complications like retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus causes
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India comprises 85% of the adult population of South East Asian countries and therefore the major contributor to the diabetic population in this area. The prevalence of diabetes is rising rapidly especially in the urban population in India since 1971 to 2000. There is a 10 fold increase has been observed ( from 1.2% to 12.1% ) [ 5 ]. The prevalence of diabetes in southern India is raising even in the rural areas compared to northern counterpart. These changes had occurred during a period of 14 years and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the rural area had risen from 2.4% to 6.4% [ 6 ]. The major contributing factors for these changes were improved socioeconomic status encompassing an increase in the family income, educational status, motorized transport and the shift in occupational structure. Similar situation has also been described from the neighbouring countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Bangladesh and Pakistan. This revelation of increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus is important as majority of the population in developing countries live in rural areas and therefore it would be a major contributor to the emerging epidemic of diabetes mellitus in south east
The environment therefore plays a significant role in T2D etiology and efforts to control its prevalence tend to focus on lifestyle changes (Yates, Jarvis, Troughton, and JaneDavies, 2009, p. 1-2). For example, improved diet and exercise programs have been shown to reduce the risk of disease by 50% to 90%. Since the environment plays a dominant role in determining disease prevalence, other factors such as cultural differences, socioeconomic status, and educational achievement would also tend to influence diabetes incidence. This essay will review the contributing factors that determine the prevalence of T2D in the American Indian population, a demographic with shockingly high rates.
Diabetes mellitus has a worldwide prevalence of 8.3 percent of the population with the amount of new cases diagnosed per year
Although heredity plays an important role whether a person inherits diabetes and to what extent, it can be controlled through useful methods that are affordable. By changing environmental risk factors, people can reduce their risk of developing diabetes. Increasing awareness of diabetes which is a major setback for some socio-economical background and rural areas as not enough awareness is made to the general public. Identifying people at risk for the disease is also another
Diabetes is a very common disorder. It is the 8th leading cause of death worldwide. It is projected that the number of individuals with diabetes will almost double by 2030.
Over the past few decades, there has been an increased concern about diabetes and its effects on minority populations. Type II Diabetes is also referred to as “adult onset diabetes”, and is a condition where the body does not regulate blood glucose effectively and resists insulin. This does not allow for glucose to get into the cells of fat tissue, the liver, and muscle cells and therefore they cannot function optimally. The National Center for Health Statistics reported that in 2012, African Americans had the highest amount of new reported cases of Type II diabetes when compared to all other racial and ethnic populations, and the second highest amount of overall diabetes diagnosis at 13.2%.1,2 In 2012, type II diabetes was the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States, and African Americans are nearly two times more likely to develop diabetes. More than 50% of all new diabetes cases are developed in African American populations, with a 27% higher mortality rate than Caucasians.1
Epidemiologic evidence that is related to the prevention of diabetes in for adults can be found in many places in the literature. Some issues that come up are how according to Patel, Misra, and Balasubramanyam (2017) the increase in diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in developing countries has escalated rapidly due to an increase in populations, overall aging of the population, urbanization, and increase prevalence of obesity. Patel, Misra, and Balasubramanyam (2017) also projects that the number of individual that are diagnosed with diabetes in 2040 will have increased to 642 million adults globally compared to the 415 million adults globally who are currently diagnosed with diabetes and in the US, there was 86 million adults who are
“The World Health Organization WHO has issued a call to action on diabetes, drawing attention to the need to step up prevention and treatment of the disease. According to the WHO’s first Global report on diabetes, people living with diabetes has quadrupled since 1980 and there were 1.5 million deaths in 2012 from diabetes” (WHO, 2016). The rise has been attributed to the increase in obesity and unhealthy diet. Diabetes affects globally and has increased exponentially. This paper will deal with the epidemiological aspect of diabetes within this community.
According to Zimmet (2001), about 150 million people in the world have been suffering with diabetes and it would be 300 million by 2025. Another interesting study by AusDiab in 2000 revelead that 7.4% of the population aged 25 or over had diabetes (type 2 in 90%) Since 1981, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased to twice in and the total number of cases has increased threefold in Australia (Dunstain 2002).Although type 2 diabetes is effecting all races,it was identified highly in south Asians and also worlds one-third diabetic population is from indian continent ( Jean 2008). According to the report from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in United states of America, nearly 25.8 million people have been affected by diabetes in 2010 with 90- 95% of them being type 2 DM (CDC 2011). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus which is characterized by the deficiency and resistance of the
This paper will discuss diabetes, the definition, Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, symptoms and treatment. The seriousness of the disease and the importance of proper treatment will be reviewed. The importance of being healthy will be stressed as it is a main factor of how it correlates with diabetes.
The significance of rising levels of diabetes in India is related to the increasing burden of disease. India is considered the
Diabetes is rapidly emerging as a major health care problem in India, especially in urban areas. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been steadily
This study is imperative for the growth of knowledge on diabetes. Recent studies have identified the rise of diabetes cases and how the disease is running out of control. This study explains the basic terms of diabetes and how it can be prevented and managed naturally. The study points at creating awareness of the prevalence of the disease. The research explains that in every 20 people in the world’s population, 1 has diabetes. Most of the death cases resulted in diabetes are because of unaffordability of the treatment. However, this study is aimed at
Studies indicate that 13 million people have access to medication, but the remaining 5.2 million remains undiagnosed (Hynes 2). High levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been reported in children and adolescents among many geographical regions of the world. Hillier and Pedula projected that by 2020, type 2 diabetes mellitus will exceed the prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the United States (1). Between 1967 and 1998, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus doubled among the Pima Indian youths (Pavkov et al. 1).
Type 2 Diabetes in children and adolescents is an emerging epidemic within the last 20
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a chronic, lifelong condition that affects your body 's ability to use the energy found in food. There are