Why was the German Empire such a massive power in World War 1?
We can trace back to the exact year when Germany became so powerful, and that year is 1871.
In 1871 the German state of Prussia and her allies defeated France in the Franco Prussian war and proclaimed the German Empire.
If Prussia lost this war against France then history would be drastically different. France could have still had a king to this day, and even more drastic World War 1 could have never happened, or at least certainly not in the way it happened with us. But for better or for worse Prussia and her allies won against France.
THESIS/PREVIEW OF MAIN POINTS
Prussia performed so well in the Franco Prussian war that it replaced France as the superpower of Europe. There are
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Most of France’s Field Marshals had been captured and they had no cannons or field guns. Instead the government decided to hold up in Paris and let the Prussians come in and take Paris street by street.
Finally we will discuss the Prussian problems at Paris.
When the Prussian armies reached Paris they encountered a significant problem. The militia inside of Paris was made up of civilians and if they shelled the city with artillery it could cause an international intervention by other great powers like Great Britain.
Chancellor Otto von Bismarck wrote to his wife “Weeks ago I hoped, every morning, to be awakened by the cannonade. Over 200 are planted already, but they do not shoot, and are not even to take Paris as the target but only a few forts” (Bismarck 1870 p 76).
Eventually though pressure by Bismarck forced Prussian forces to fire upon all areas of Paris. The siege continued for four months with tens of thousands of civilian and militia deaths alike. The siege ended on January 28th 1871 when the French government agreed to a peace that let the newly established German Empire annex the French territory of Alsace Lorraine with a reparations payment of five billion franks
The German Command, in planning for a short and swift war, found themselves in a bind when the war started to prolong itself. From the very beginning, their plan started to fall apart, as Belgium, who they assumed would just let them march through to France, took up arms in resisting their approaches (Hull, 2005). The war would get longer and longer and seemed farther away from its conclusion as the months grew colder. As a result of this as well as their Prussian roots, they resorted to dangerously risky and destructive tactics, trying to bring the war to a quicker end while putting more of their resources in jeopardy, a move that eventually did not pay off and ended up leading to the German Empire’s demise (Hull, 2005).
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism played a huge part in the led up to World War 1. With the threat of war hanging over the heads of many countries, the Arms Race began. Germany, France, and Russia started to recruit a large portion of their male population. This gave the men a taste of war and the military experience. The Arms Race caused every European state have access to a huge army, but these armies ere ruining their economics. The citizens knew that they needed to rid of themselves of these armies before they went into economic ruin, but before this could happen they were propelled into war. Germany created a large, modern navy that threatened Britain. At the time of this threat, Germany was trying to secure Britain
The political, economical, and social order of the Germanic states in the nineteenth century was in a state of chaos and disarray. Politically, the states had the desire of becoming unified and had the possibility to do so if it had not been for fear and neglect to follow through. Economically, the states were in a time of hardships with poor growth development in the fields and were also going through the time of the Industrial Revolution with changes to their everyday lives. Socially, the Germanic states were divided into a feudal system that was determined by birth status and wealth. The middle class, made up of scholars and students, and aristocracy had shared the same fear of the commoners’ revolt due
Germany was heavily into having a strong nation and military. Their country was industrialized, as well as their military and spent millions of dollars upgrading their army for war. This made other countries believe that war was coming soon and caused tension. It also caused other European countries to rush to expand and better equip their military to keep up with Germany. Germany was so anxious and confident for war because of their military, and when war started, they were the first to attack.
There were around 350,000 resistance members in France, but only about 100,000 had functional weapons. Two “mulberries”, or temporary harbors were built to unload supplies.
The defeat of Germany in World War Two was due to many factors. All of these factors were influenced by the leadership and judgment of Adolf Hitler. Factors such as the stand fast policy, Hitler’s unnecessary and risky decision making in military situations, for example when attacking the USSR, and the declaration of war on the US. Plus other factors, like Hitler’s alliance with Italy, despite its obvious weaknesses, and the pursuit of the final solution, can all be attributed to the poor leadership and judgement of the Fuhrer, which would eventually lead to the downfall of the Third Reich.
After German’s failed attempt to take France under the Schleiffen Plan in 1914, the war entered into a stalemate between German and French/British forces.1 To break the stalemate Germany attempted to force France into battles that they were required to defend at all cost and in turn exhausting France’s precious resources of men and supplies.2 One such example is the siege of Verdun and the end result for Germany was not the collapse and fall of France as they expected, so the stalemate continued along with the very effective British naval blockade.3 The longer than expected war and the naval blockade left Germany’s interior in shambles. In 1916 Germany suffered from inflation on goods and starvation of its civilian populace, which lead to riots
French generals attempted their best to impeded Germany’s army progression into Paris, but the French soldiers were unsuccessful in their attacks. If French generals could not consistently win battles, then commanders must work intensely to retain hope among French soldiers. For military generals, such as Charles de Gaulle, maintaining a high sense of morality is key to continuing war efforts on the battlefield. During World War II, emotions ran rampant over solutions for France to end the war with Germany. Some French generals, for example, Petain proposed and accepted amnesty with Germany which allowed to occupy Paris.
Hook: Why would it be right for someone to oppress and even almost kill off half the country because of a disagreement? Hitler’s idea was that he could rule the world and oppress and most likely kill anyone who opposed him. This soon led to rebellions starting against Hitler and his Nazi empire. As soon as German people and others around the world hear about what Hitler is doing, soon people oppose Hitler and rebel against him.
1. Brissot believes that war is both desirable and necessary to preserve French liberty, and to restore national pride to France by defying the monarchies of Europe who insult them. Additionally, Brissot argues that a war with the purpose of conquering, in this case, should be “…execrated by free men…” and as such, France’s revolutionary army should defend themselves against “…lesser German princes” and the King in both the name of liberty and in ensuring that France is protected and free from despots. Brissot reinforces his position by stating that the world, will evoke a “…universal passion…” when war is waged in the name of liberty, “…[purifying] society…”. Furthermore, Brissot also argues that French society must retain its principles and glory as a nation to preserve the new France, as well as to ensure their enemies do not receive the opening they so desire to seize France.
To a great extent imperialism and militarism were big factors as to why Germany started World War One. Since the Ottoman Empire lost rule around that time, the Balkan regions were open, and many countries tried to gain control over them including Germany. Also Germany wanted the Balkan regions more than others, since they has weak colonies in Africa, and the Balkan regions were located at a very good spot for trading and other things, since they were located near the ocean. Also Germany wanted to surpass Britain’s Royal Navy, and take control of the seas. Overall Germany wanted to have the most power, and they thought they could do so by conducting a war. Since they had plans to take out their competitions, such as the Schlieffen Plan and
In the year 1945 as a consequence of Nazi Germany’s defeat in World War II the country was forcibly split between four powers the Soviets in the East and Allies of the West in a period known as the division of Germany. The country was stripped of its many spoils of war and lost all of its territories in the east. At the Potsdam Conference Prime Minister Clement Attlee of Britain, Premier Stalin, and President Truman put forth the guiding ethos for the Allied Control Council: Germany’s complete and total disarmament and demilitarization, destruction of its war potential rigid control over it’s industries, and the decentralization of the political and economic structure. Finally, for purposes of Political control Germany was divided into four national zones to be occupied by the allied forces. The occupation of West Germany by the allies would last well into the Cold War, whilst East Germany, would remain under Soviet influence until after the Cold War had ended. It should also be noted that West Germany adopted a more capitalistic model while the East side of Germany remained a Communist society till after the Cold War.
It is abundantly evident throughout Americanah that Ifemelu is someone who stands up for herself, and who acts not because she is “supposed” to (often as a result of social expectations), but because she wants to. She values her independent identity, standing by her decision to wear her hair in a “natural” style and arguing to Uju that “if every magazine…had beautiful women with hair like” hers, Uju and others would not perceive her hair as different (269). This also implies that Ifemelu does not care that society rejects natural hair, that perhaps she is even defying society’s expectations by choosing to wear her hair as she does. As hair is a symbol that is very meaningful in Americanah (see question #6), Ifemelu’s refusal to change her hair
German expansionism in the Wilhelmine period contributed greatly to the outbreak of World War I. Even leading up to that period tensions were rising, with so many different political groups being formed and with that all the different opinions being formulated the unification they hoped to fulfill was not carried out. The anticipation was building for a war to break out and Germany was preparing for it too whether it was through the building up and upgrades to their nations military. Colonialization played a role as well in the outbreak in the war as countries wanted to expand their territories and take control smaller areas as such as the Balkan Peninsula. Finally, industrialization played a factor as well because manufacturing of weapons and transportation went up in Germany all in preparation for war.
On August 3rd, 1914, after Russia refused to demobilize its forces that were protecting Yugoslavia, Germany declared war on France, saying that they had infringed upon Germany’s territory. Germany proceeded West, taking over Belgium and mobilizing its forces on Frances eastern border. England entered the war because of the invasion of Belgium and eventually other nations followed as their interests were attacked. On November 11, 1918, the War was officially over with the signing of an armistice.