In the 10th century between the years of 1237 to 1480 B.C.E., Russia converted to the Christian religion but did not convert to the Catholic Church practices. Russia was a member of the Byzantine Eastern Orthodox Church. The religion of the Byzantine power was founded by Constantine, but it ended in 1453. The major differences in the Catholic and Orthodox churches were church governors. In the Catholic Church, the pope was in charge of Catholics, and the patriarchs (who functioned as arch bishops) governed the Byzantines. The practice of Caesaropapism (emperor of head of church and state…no pope) was introduced to Russia and was a legacy in the Byzantine Church, and Russia applied it to their government.
After the great Mongolian invasion
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In 1867, the fortress in Moscow is called the Kremlin, which represented Russia’s military force and growing power. This caused the Mongols to become threatened. The Mongols began to attack the Kremlin but were defeated by Grand Prince Dimitri, but it would be another century before Russia could break the Mongol power.
Ivan the 3rd, also known as “Ivan the Great,” annexed other Russian principalities and tripled the size of Muscovy. He allied himself with a group called the boyars (aristocratic warriors who helped expand eastward). This played an important role in the eastern expansion of Russia because Ivan begins to call himself the tsar of Russia, and Russia claims to be the heir of the Byzantine empire.
Ivan the 4th, nicknamed “Ivan the terrible,” ruled Russia as a boyar who had serious emotional problems. He was crowned tsar in 1547 at 16 years old and married Anastasia who was from a Romanov family (a boyar family). He also created the first standing army in Russia. Soon after, Anastasia died, and he snapped. This period became known as the reign of terror and resulted in executions, peasants and the Cassocks (contributed to expansion and helped conquer Siberia) fled Russia, so the last years of his ruling were
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Elizabeth I came to power and was also concerned with Russia’s culture. She indulged and splurged on building projects and wars. She is the creator of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. She ignored the conditions of the serfs (peasant) of Russia (will backfire on the Romanovs), and she was killed by her own soldiers eventually. She was succeeded in death by Peter the 3rd. Catherine the Great was then named the tsarina of Russia. She improved the economy, law code, and education system during her rule. She also abolished capital
When Constantine moved the capital to Constantinople the Christian churches of Rome and Constantinople found themselves at odds. They ended up differing on many subjects. Over the years they gradually grew apart until the final split happened in 1054. This continues to today. The differences are slight but significant. The Roman church continued with using Latin as the official language, giving the Pope the ultimate authority, but not allowing priests to get married (Doc C). Whilst the Eastern Orthodox church decided to have Greek as the official language, instead of a Pope they had a ceremonial leader, also known as the Patriarch (who could marry); this is because Constantinople failed to see the Pope as the supreme authority. Their interpretation of the bible was also a bit different (Doc C). In the world there are about 120,845,374 people who worship Orthodox Christianity. Though there are many branches of it. Most of the religion stays in the Eastern side of the world, except the 5,000,000 or so Americans (Doc C). If it hadn’t been for the Byzantines stepping out
During these happy years of marriage Anastasia acted as quieting force in Ivan's life. It was in these years that Ivan would consolidate Russia, he ruled advisory counselor, and dispel corruption and excesses from his courtiers. It is a misconception that Ivan is known as the terrible, a glitch in translation. Ivan was known as "Grozny", the awesome, and it was in these years that he earned the title.
During the 1450-1750 time period, the Russian Empire expanded vastly to become both a European and Asian power. The military brought both the steppes and Siberia under Russian control, and forced them to take an Oath of Allegiance to the tsar (the monarch of Russia). If the conquered peoples did not convert to Christianity, they would have to pay yasak to the tsar; specifically, in Siberia, the people would have to pay in the form of furs. Through yasaks and also its geography, Russia gained furs, mineral deposits, and rich agricultural lands. Russia also rapidly westernized during Peter the Great and Catherine the Great’s rule. Russia acquired territories in the Baltic region, Poland, and Ukraine; at the same time, Peter the Great created
Empress Catherine the Great ruled Russia for approximately thirty years from 1762 to 1796 when she died. She was known throughout the world as an unusual ruler, having taken over the throne after the brutal death of her husband Peter the third. There she was made Empress of all Russia, this was unusual because instead of being made regent for her son they circumnavigated the rules and she was made Empress Regnant. During her time on the throne she made many radical and life changing decisions. She was a voracious reader and writer, often helping to translate others works into Russian. She herself was inspired by Voltaire, Diderot, and Montesquieu. All of which culminated in her greatest work “Great Instruction”, which was the beginning of basically all her future endeavors. Catherine the Great was an enlightened ruler who tried to bring about a new way of life in Russia, by allowing certain freedoms and educating the public.
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (1530-1584), was the first of two children of Basil III and Elena Glinskaya. Ivan came into the world on August 25, 1530. Nearly a year after this Ivan's father died when he was only three. Basil had died due to a small, little pimple on his thigh that had developed into a deadly sore. Basil requested at his deathbed that his son Ivan would become the ruler of Russia when he became a man at age 15. Once Basil died the boyars took over Russia, denying Ivan's right to the throne. Ivan's mother then with other trusted boyars took over the ruling party. Elena was able to successfully rule Russia for four years, until she died suddenly in 1538, apparently from poisoning, leaving eight-year-old Ivan an orphan. They had ended and that Ivan had complete power. On Sunday, January 16, 1547, Ivan was crowned czar in Moscow's lavish Cathedral of the Assumption. Ivan soon married Anastasia Romanovna-Zakharyina-Yurueva. Anastasia bore him six children of whom only two survived infancy. At times Ivan was very devote; he used to throw himself before the icons, banging his head against the floor. It resulted in a callosity at his forehead. Once Ivan even did a public confession of his sins in Moscow.
When he was crowned the very first Czar of all of Russia, he expanded his empire tremendously, executed thousands of people, and later, even killed his own son. Cool dude, huh? To better relate to Ivan the Terrible and see why he is off important significance, we’ll look at his background and history, and the research that supports the reasoning that Ivan is of importance to this world. According to History Channel, Ivan the Terrible
Peter Alexeyevich or as he is best known as, Peter the Great, is recognized from history as a very successful ruler who drastically changed Russia into a dominant power. Not only was Russia a large, almighty country with a strenuous character, Russia was from his reign on forth European. This transformation into a European Russian state was used to proclaim and emphasize the advancements, civility, and grandness Russia was and had become. Russia was no longer barbaric; it was a place of equivalence with the Western European countries, of envy, and as mentioned previously, grandeur. Peter the Great was generally very highly esteemed and as stated by John M. Thompson was known as being, “Determined to make Russia stronger and better, he
Ivan IV was czar of Russia from 1533 to 1584. He was born on 1530 and died in 1584.
Ivan IV, also called Ivan the Terrible, was the Grand Prince of Russia in the 16th century from the years 1533-1584. During his long reign as Russia’s leader, he transformed Russia from a small futile country to an empire. Because of his success in the government and taking control of neighboring lands this led him into becoming the first czar in 1547. Ivan the Terrible increased the power and position of Russia politically and militarily by defeating and slaughtering all those that got in his way and creating trade and political alliances with the people who supported his polices and goals he set out to achieve.
As Ivan grew older, he began to under stand the benefits of being a prince Czar. Because Ivan grew up the way he did was why he became the ruler that he did. He knew from experience what would happen if he wasn't a strong ruler. As a Czar, when Ivan met someone new, he would look for the thing to fear in that person, then, he would do whatever it took to minimize whatever that something was that he was afraid of. It might require taking harsh action, but then Ivan wouldn't have to worry about that person becoming too powerful.
Ivan the 5th, who is also heavily known as Ivan the Terrible was the first Tsar to rule over Russia. Ivan the Terrible, was known for his violent and ruthless outbreaks. He was feared greatly and this led to the fleeing of Prince Krubsky. Prince Krubsky was the leading general of the Tsar when he fled and deserted his lead for the Polish- Lithuanian forces in Livonia. Prince Krubsky who was also a member of the select council, did not want to adopt the dislike of Ivan the Terrible.
Catherine the Great ruled Russia with an iron fist, she knew the secrets of how to gain the love of her people and how to please the nobles of her land. Catherine was able to get away treason and murder and still keep her crown. She learned the delicate art of deception at a very young age. Catherine II, or Catherine the Great as she is more often called, was born on May 2, 1729 in Stettin, Prussia, she became the Russian empress in 1762. Catherine obtained the throne by conspiring a plan to overthrow her husband King Peter III. Under her reign, she organized
Tsar Nicholas II is thought to be personally responsible for the collapse of the Russian Monarchy. His nature wasn’t well suited for the role he held therefore he was an incompetent leader. Russia was undergoing many changes and was in early stages of industrialization. This was followed by an embarrassing string of defeats of which the Tsar was badly prepared. His unsuccessful involvement in the First World War added to the disappointment in the government’s incompetence and corruption. There were many opportunities for Russia to modernize but this would require political change, which the Tsar was unwilling to do. Nicholas had many opportunities throughout his reign to reform, but destroyed his last chance of survival.
A schism formed between the East and the West due to power struggles between the pope and the patriarchs. Christianity was divided into the Roman Catholic church for the west and the Eastern Orthodox church for the east. There are key differences between the two churches. First, the Byzantines outlawed the use of icons, while icons are permitted in the west. In addition, Greek was the main language for the Byzantines, while Latin was the main language for the west. Lastly, the pope controlled all church affairs in the west while the Byzantine emperor controlled the church affairs for the east.
During the Mongol invasion many Russians were killed or sold to slavery, the Mongols crippled many Russian cities and the power of the Russian prince’s authority changed to be more like the authority of the Khan. People became more and more accustomed to taking ordered and becoming soldiers. The constant Mongol attacks forced people to move into the northern forests