Essay On Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

1. The meaning of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe form of muscular dystrophy caused by a genetic defect that can be characterized by a disturbed growth of cardiac and skeletal muscles. It usually affects boys. In 1861, a French neurologist, Guillaume B. Duchenne, was the first person to give a detailed description of this syndrome.

The affects of Duchenne muscular dystrophy as well as various solutions performed to provide accurate diagnoses and treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Listener Relevance: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), is more common than people think and chances are sooner or later you will know of or see somebody affected by this disease.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy was first discovered by Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne in the 1860’s, but due to lack of medical knowledge little was known until the 1980’s. It was in 1986 that researchers that were supported by the MDA, muscular dystrophy association, identified the particular X-chromosome that leads to DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin is the protein that is associated with the gene and was named in 1987.The DMD gene is the second largest gene to date, and it produces dystrophin.(Genome, 2013) Lack of the protein Dystrophin in the muscle cells causes them to weaken and become fragile. (MDA, 2015). DMD is an inherited disorder, but there are rare cases where it can spontaneously appear in a child with no previous family history due to a random mutation in moms X-chromosome. DMD is a gender specific disease that only appears in males.

Duchenne muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common out of nine types of muscular dystrophy. This genetic disorder causes progressive muscular weakness, and deterioration due to the lack of a protein called Dystrophin. This protein keeps the muscles in tack, so when it's missing, the muscles slowly break down. (MDA, 2015)

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the gene DMD, which encodes the muscle protein, dystrophin. Dystrophin protein is crucial to preserve the strength, stability, and flexibility of muscle fibers, which protects them from injury as they contract and relax. The DMD gene is primarily located in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is caused by mutations in the gene that produce premature stop codons. The premature stop codons work to bring protein synthesis to a halt, resulting in a greatly shortened and nonfunctional form of dystrophin (Pierce, 2013, pg. 286). According to the Muscular Dystrophy Association (2016), “Individuals with DMD experience rapid progressive

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is caused by a defect or a mutation in the DMD gene located in the X chromosome. This gene provides instruction for a protein that helps muscle tissue repair itself known as dystrophin. The absence of this protein is thought to be the cause of all types of muscular dystrophy. The genetic explanation of the defective gene is simple: males have one X and one Y chromosome and females have two X chromosomes, so when a female inherits the mutated gene she has another unchanged X chromosome make her asymptomatic or showing no symptoms or evidence of a disease or disorder. A female with one mutated and one normal gene is labeled a carrier and each child of hers born has a one in two chance of inheriting the gene. On the other hand, males have no extra X chromosome, so they have no protection against the symptoms. Because of these conditions, DMD is classified as an X-linked disorder and this is why DMD only affects boys.

Muscular dystrophy is an inherited disease that was discovered in 1861, by Guillaume B.A. Duchenne. Muscular dystrophy is a group of heredity disorders characterized by rapidly-worsening muscle weakness. The trait for muscular dystrophy may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant which means a disorder that has two copies of an abnormal gene that must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop. In this case, if some original carrier of the disease had children, the children would have a fifty-fifty chance of inheriting the disease. It is also carried as an autosomal recessive trait, in which case the offspring of the original carrier would have a very small chance of

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (also referred to as DMD) is a type of muscular dystrophy that weakens the muscles that we need to support our body, body weight, to stand, and to move around. It also can cause you to have scoliosis. Some of the main causes for DMD are genetic disorders, mutations, and DMD has to be passed down throughout everyone in that family for generations. The symptoms you can have if you have DMD are weak muscles, lack of strength, and difficulty walking. DMD is a negative mutation because it affects your muscles horribly bad that you can get a disability of walking and even moving. You need to tell your doctor immediately if you experience any symptoms. If you don't tell your doctor, you may find yourself in a very difficult situation where you can't get up or can't get something you need. When you do talk to your doctor, you will have an advantage of getting the help you need.

Autosomal recessive inheritance is the third type known to cause muscular dystrophy, whereas both parents are carriers of the defective gene. For this reason the offspring have a 25% chance of being affected with both malformed genes, resulting in them being affected. The chance increases with cousin marriages.

Genetics is a key factor in potentially developing a form of muscular dystrophy, as it is caused by a gene that protects muscle fibers suddenly becoming defective. However, this particular genetic mutation can abruptly occur while an embryo is still developing in the egg of the mother. Muscular dystrophy can occur in an individual of any age, sex, or race. The most common form of MD diagnosed, Dechenne, is most often found in males of a youg age. However, family history of the disease is the biggest risk factor associated with developing it.

Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disease in which muscle fibers are usually susceptible to damage and cause muscle wasting and weakness. There are bundles of fibers that make up muscles; proteins are involved in these muscles and help to keep the muscle working properly. If

Myotonic Dystrophy is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. It is a chronic, multi-system disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness. Symptoms include; myotonia (prolonged muscle contractions), the inability to relax certain muscles after use, slurred speech, temporary locking of jaw, cataracts, abnormalities of the electrical signals that control the heartbeat, and early balding and infertility in men. There are two major types of myotonic dystrophy, type 1 and type 2. Many of the symptoms are overlapping, the only differences are type 1 is generally more severe than type 2 and type 1 affects the lower legs, hands, neck and face. Whereas, type 2 affects the neck, shoulders, elbows, and hips. Myotonic dystrophy

muscular dystrophy has many forms and therefore symptoms can vary between the variations. Overall symptoms include the weakening of skeletal muscles and the defect and death muscle tissues. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common and affects young boys such as Eddie.

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a genetic disorder caused by incorrect or missing genetic information that leads to the gradual weakening of the muscle cells. Various causes lead to weak and deteriorating muscles depending on the type of muscular dystrophy the patient was affected by. However, there are many causes for muscular dystrophy due to the fact that there are thirty forms of muscular dystrophy, which are categorized under several categories. All are ultimately caused by autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, sex-linked, and random mutations in very rare cases.