By contrast, Richard Ford and Ernest Hemingway short stories present varied views of life. Through of imagery and contrast of traits, the philosophy of existentialism is illustrated. The two stories many have common ideologies and presentation. The two asserts that anxiety of being alone in the universe is a condition of life. (Sartre, 40) In Ford’s story, Steven Reeves was afraid of being alone. This fear led him to marrying Marjorie, even though the women called her a bimbo. Steven knew that she had a reputation of being inappropriately dressed, drinking, and flirting with men. Marjorie’s reputation did not stop Steven from marrying her. The fear of being alone led him to ignoring the facts and marrying her. It is interesting to see how, in a way the nurture finds a balance, in state existentialism and nihilism, views, and ideologies are converged by fate.
Similarly, in Hemingway’s story, the old man also had the fear of being alone. He went out every day to drink at the café. He had money so he could afford buying a bottle and drinking at home. The old man did not drink at home because it would have been lonely. He therefore spend most of
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The younger waiter has all the time in the world since he is young, confident, has a wife, and has a job. He is not sympathetic to the old man’s plight because he still has a lot of time in the world. The old man has conflicts with his own ‘life’, it has made him despair and lonely, doesn’t present any good. In Ford’s story, the conflict is between Steven and Marjorie. The solution of their conflict depends on how they give meaning to their lives. (Sartre, 115)Steven gives his life meaning by feeling superior to everyone else, and by having a job and a wife. His ego is therefore injured when Marjorie confesses of her affair with George. Steven envied George because of his success. Steven thus ended up hitting his wife, which is something he thought he never would
The younger waiter believes he has “no regard for those who have to work.” On the contrary the older waiter also doesn’t belong to a family and attempts to explain “he stays up because he likes it” “it’s clean and well lighted” the light acting as a metaphorical parallel to the comfort the café offers in his otherwise dark life. Seeing as the older waiter understands him he does his best to make the customer feel he belongs and build a relationship with him. He realises that not everyone shares the same perspective realising “it’s not only a question of youth” but in this case a question of lack of relationships allowing sympathy and explaining his actions.
Benson, Jackson, J. The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway Critical Essays. Durham: Duke University Press, 1975. Print.
The young waiter has a harsh view of him as well because on occasion the old man has been so drunk he walks out on his bill. The younger waiter has a different respect for time, it’s precious to him and he values it. “I wish he would go home. I never get to bed before three o’clock. What kind of hour is that to go to bed?” “He stays up because he likes it.” “He’s lonely, I’m not lonely. I have a wife waiting in bed for me.” “He had a wife once too” (153). The older you get, the more time wears down on you, and you begin to now, greater than ever, feel your mortality. This theme is used to help the reader understand the older mans pain and that no matter how young and confident someone is, they will eventually grow old and die.
In Hemingway and the Dead Gods (Killinger, 1960), the connection between Hemingway and the Existential philosophers of the time is explored. Contrary to Tung and Meyers’ more recent research, Killinger states: “`There has been no known liaison between him and the existentialists, either personally or intellectually and neither has ever formerly recognised a kinship to the other” (Killinger, 1960).
Existentialism, a philosophical ideology conceptualized by Jean-Paul Sarte, encapsulates most thought processes where “the individual is obliged to make a choice as though he were choosing for all mankind” (Arnold, “Jean-Paul Sarte: Overview). Put simply, Sarte’s concept of existentialism is the thought process by which humans find themselves existing, and the analysis of their existence itself (Tulloch, Sartrian Existentialism). This analysis of existence found itself in many writings during the twentieth century, and acts a driving force in both Bishop’s “In the Waiting Room” and Lispector’s “The Daydreams of a Drunk Woman”.
He then dismisses his negative thoughts by stating “many must have it,” when we know his problems are far much more than simple insomnia, but moreover his constant battle with “nothingness” and from the vast world around him. (Hemingway 3). The reader can perceive the purpose of “nada” through Hemingway’s unemotional dialogue and point of view, allowing them to be able to discern the affliction of the older men compared to the fulfilled life of the younger
An essential theme in “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” by Ernest Hemingway, is that of depression, and how realizing the fragility and inconsequentiality of humankind can lead to feelings of isolation and “nothingness.” When the old waiter thinks to himself, “[What he feared] was not a fear or dread. It was a nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a man was a nothing too.” , he divulges his true cynicism and his thoughts on the human condition.
The dialog about the couple between the two waiters is classic. The older waiter states, The guard will pick him up, then the younger waiter goes on to say What does it matter if he gets what he is after? I believe this conversation shows a dramatic difference in age between these two men, while the older waiter knows and thinks about the consequences and effects his actions will place upon him, the younger waiter does not and lives for the moment, which is a typical characteristic of youth. As one grows older they come to realize the differences in living for the moment and living for the moment in a rational way. One can still live for the moment and be spontaneous but do it in a way that it will not have high consequences upon others. Late into the night the younger waiter cuts the old man off of the brandy so he could lock up and get home to his own wife. The young man believes his time is too valuable to waste on people whom have nobody or nowhere to go. What is an hour? More to me than to him. This young man does not actually believe that his time is more precious than the old mans time; he was just in a hurry. What is the difference of getting home to your wife at 2am or 3am? The only difference that I notice when it is already that late is the number on the clock. The two waiters then go on to discuss the characteristics between a young and older person, using themselves as the symbols to
Hemingway's second portrayal of symbolism that a reader may distinguish is the café itself. The café represents a sanctuary of the evilness of the world. The namesake of the short story is a clue for the reader to see that the café would represent some form of an asylum not only from the elements of nature, but also safety from evil. An example of the usefulness of this sanctuary is how the deaf old man uses the café as a safe-haven to be to himself after the incident where he almost succeeded in committing suicide and enjoys the comfort the café gives. The old waiter represents in the café the kindness and caring that the café should provide; whereas the younger waiter is more of a materialistic character. He clearly displays shallowness and selfishness. Arthur Waldhorn writes that the older waiter helps keep the light on a little longer at the café for those, who like himself, 'do not want to go to bed.' (P 28) The younger waiter is a protagonist in attitude of the older waiter. The philosophy of Nihilism is brought into this theme when the older man recites the Lord's Prayer but substitutes the word "nada" for every noun in it. Nihilism is brought onto a larger scale because it is very evident that there is nothing to believe in, even as a
Hemingway's world is one in which things do not grow and bear fruit, but explode, break, decompose, or are eaten away. It is saved from total misery by visions of endurance, by what happiness the body can give when it does not hurt, by interludes of love which
This semester we have studied five works that all communicate different themes and views of existentialism through each protagonist's point of view. From reading, watching, and analyzing each piece of work, we have come to know existentialists as having a very interesting outlook on life. Almost all the existentialists in the five works we studied believe in freedom of choice. That humans define their own meaning in life and try their best to make rational decisions in spite of existing in what they consider an “unreasonable universe”. The protagonists in each short story and movie we have watched, have similar qualities between each other and quite a few differences. The two pieces of work that will be focused on are, ‘The Wall’ by Jean-Paul Sartre and ‘The Guest’ by Albert Camus.
This story was written by Hemingway in 1933. It details an evening's interaction between two waiters, and their differing perspectives of life. Hemingway uses an old man as a patron to demonstrate the waiter's philosophies. Hemingway is also visible in the story as the old man, someone who society says should be content, but has a significant empty feeling inside. What follows is a line-by-line analysis, putting emphasis on the philosophies of the waiters.
For this paper, both movies used to explain Existentialism are adapted from real stories. The first film is Wild, starring Reese Witherspoon as Cheryl Strayed and the second is Into the Wild, starring Emile Hirsch as Christopher McCandless. In Sartre’s definition of existentialism, human existence precedes essence, therefore leading to meaning, purpose and identity. When Chris and Cheryl leave their family, friends and everything else they know from the society, they are attempting to find a meaning and purpose to their lives.
Ernest Hemingway is regarded as one of the best American authors of all time. This memoir focusses on his early career, and his time in Paris. It flows in chronological order, and covers his months in Paris. Throughout the novel, we meet many notable people such as; F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zelda Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein and James Joyce. This allows the reader to appreciate the background of these authors, and recognize what has influenced them within their novels. Hemingway has said many times that this period in his life affected him, and influenced his future decisions in life. This demonstrates why we should read life stories, as they can provide insight into the subject.
The novel opens with the story of the baby tuckoo, which Steven realises is him, “He was baby tuckoo. The moocow came down the road where Betty Byrne lived” (Joyce 3). This short tale becomes a microcosm the entire novel and sets the tone for a narrative of self-discovery and realisation (Belanger ix). Following