Equal As Citizens

The reading of “Defending the Land: Sovereignty and Forest life in James Bay Cree Society” by Ronald Niezan is a great reading. Mr. Niezan illustrates how Cree people live and what they still currently do to protect their land and religion. This book also allows us to understand that people will try to take what they can’t have because that’s exactly what Canada’s government tries to accomplish with new construction projects and other

1),” but “[Flanagan] argued that the Canadian government made a historical mistake by granting the Red River Métis aboriginal rights in 1870. First of all, the Métis did not exist until the commencement of Indian-white relations (Milne, pg. 10)” As a defender of the government, “Flanagan, […] believes that the federal government fulfilled the land provisions of the Manitoba Act (Milne, pg. 1).” The government needed proof of the land they were claiming, but since there were no written documents no intention of administering the Manitoba Act as understood by the Métis leadership. (Sprague, pg. 18) The government believed that they did everything they can, and yet “for four years, not one Métis claim to a river lot was confirmed in accordance with section 32, not one Métis reserve was established ‘for the benefit of the families of the halfbreed residents’ in accordance with section 31 (Sprague, pg. 18).” Some metis people were new to the whole idea of the buying and selling process, but after a couples of years, those who were unfamiliar with the process got to learn how I everything

The First Nations people of Canada have a long list of treaty rights, as well as many undefined aboriginal rights, from their right to hunt and fish on their land to housing and annuities. However, it’s not all gift-giving and sunshine; while the government of Canada is supposed to respect their rights to hunt on their land and the right to hold title to their land, there are many disputes such as the Ron Sparrow case and the Oka Crisis that show that the Aboriginal peoples’ inherent rights are not always respected, with cases such as that of Don Marshall that show that the government might not exactly be on the First Nation’s side.

Fiscal Federalism is the backbone of the successful functioning of Canadian society because carrying out any governmental function requires an assembly of resources associated with the effective collection and use of those resources, so “lets get down to the real business of Canada and divvy up the cash” (Bakvis & Skogstad, 2012, p. 126).

This paper supports Thomas Flanagan's argument against Native sovereignty in Canada; through an evaluation of the meanings of sovereignty it is clear that Native sovereignty can not coexist with Canadian sovereignty. Flanagan outlines two main interpretations of sovereignty. Through an analysis of these ideas it is clear that Native Sovereignty in Canada can not coexist with Canadian sovereignty.

Throughout history, the Native people of North America and the Europeans have continually had arguments and disputes over land. To this day there are still issues trying to be resolved. Twenty years ago, the beginning of one of the most violent and intense land disputes in present day Canada occurred. This event is now referred to as the Oka Crisis, named after the town Oka in Quebec. This crisis caused a confrontation involving the Quebec provincial police, the Canadian armed forces and the Mohawk people.1 The stand that the Mohawk people took in the town of Oka became a major revelation for the aboriginal people spreading awareness of aboriginal rights across Canada.

The highest courts in Canada said that the Nisga’a held title to the land, but some of the judges were still split on the decision. As a result of this case, the federal government was made to have a renewed look at their policies regarding aboriginal

In this article, Heuser discusses one of the main issues with Aboriginal Land Claims today, and how the government handles them. One of the main issues mentioned was the time it takes to fulfill Aboriginal Land Claims. For example, the Algonquins of Ontario launched a land claim against the provincial and federal government in the 1980s, and it is still being discussed today. Heuser is a journalist for several newspapers including the National Post. Heuser has graduated from the University of Toronto with a J.D. in the faculty of law, as well as receiving her B.A., making her qualified to form valid opinions on government issues. The arguments presented in this article are well stated, and proved with recent government land-claims to back them

The Canadian government says that it is dedicated to making its obligations to First Nations by discussing issues and bringing closure to all claims. Canada likes to underlie that by looking at the historic inequality and building strong partnerships among First Nations people; governments, and the private sector are emerging. Nevertheless, the current progress of First Nations Land Claims is very unhurried and seems to be deliberately painstaking.

Often times, when it came to the discussion on equality within Canada, the actions of Canada were compared to those of the United States, and often times, a comment is made stating that the United States could learn from Canada’s example when it came to racial harmony. However, this idea was often criticized as the racial problems within Canada were just as severe. The respect and the livelihood of the First Nation were violated for years even before the start of the twentieth century. However, the issues of the First Nations were hardly ever brought to light by other Canadians because these issues were often hidden deep within the reserves that these First Nations were forced into. From taking their land away to disregarding their cultures, the government rarely ever acknowledged the needs of the First Nations until they could no longer be ignored. The government continuously stressed assimilation, especially with the Indian Act , and expected the First Nations

The question that has arisen from this shift is whether or not the Canadian oil and gas industry inclusive of the upstream, and midstream sectors, has a net positive benefit to Canada. This essay will explore and seek to understand the myriad of issues that this industry faces daily.

It has been the goal of the Natives to regain sovereignty since it was stripped from them in the sixteenth century. Pushed to the margins in all aspects of life from negligible political relevance in Ottawa to the isolation they continue to experience on the remote reserves, the Aboriginal people have had their humanity sapped continuously out of them, yet have never given up hope. The minute advances in the last several decades? stand in stark contrast to repression experienced for centuries. Weathering an intensely exploitive government, Aboriginals have endured unimaginable repression. It was not until the passage of the Constitution Act, specifically the Charter of Rights and

When people think of Canada, they likely imagine a prospering country filled with equal opportunity, safety, and security. While this statement can be true for the population of privileged white people, Canada, unfortunately, has had some unproud moments in its history, and sadly, the treatment of minorities is still poor today. Specifically, there has been historic problems between Canada and indigenous people, from as early as the colonization of the land stolen from the indigenous people to the assimilation of youth with residential schools. The land that is proudly called “Canada” today, once was the home to many aboriginal tribes including the East Indies, before it was stolen by colonizers (Vikings, French, and Europeans) as early as

However, these people are getting cheated over and over by the government. They were manipulated and fooled. Aboriginal people want their way of life to be recognized, their values and their beliefs, rather than the European’s way of life. Each time they sign a treaty they face a disappointment, in other words, they were betrayed by the state. The government of Canada downplayed consistently the significance of Indigenous rights claims and failed to think about the grievances left in the long term. Even to say that the Canadian criminal justice system has abandoned the aboriginal people on a massive scale. It is not only that the justice system has failed Aboriginal people, but also the government was opposed to them. The rights of Indigenous people have been ignored and slowly deprived. This resulted in an injustice towards the Indian bands. People who once ruled their own business independently ended up in poverty and without power. The years go on and these people realize the unfairness about how they were treated by the justice system and the authority. Even if they get their rights back, at the end of the day, whatever rights they may have has no value compared to the state. The authority suppresses their rights. (Asch, M., 2014, Chap. 2)

I chose the African American woman because one she is a black woman, which I am also she has natural hair which is something that very significance for black women.