Enzyme Activity Lab Report

The first step that needed to be done in this experiment was adding hydrochloric acid (HCl)

3.0g of salicylic acid was weighed then 3.0mL of acetic anhydride and 6 drops of 85% H3PO4 were added to it. The mixture was warmed over a water bath for 5 minutes while stirring. After warming, 20 drops of distilled water was slowly added. 15mL of water was added then the solution was heated until it became clear. It was allowed to cool and was placed in an ice bath until the solution becomes cloudy. Using pre-weighed filter paper, the mixture was filtered and was allowed to dry in the filter paper.

Add to this 5 drops of pH 4 buffer solution * Measure out 2 cm³ starch solution * Start stopclock and leave for 1 minute * Measure out 1 cm³ amylase and place in second corvette * Add to this 2 cm³ distilled water *

Enzymes are catalysts that function to speed up reactions; for example, the enzyme sucrose speeds up the hydrolysis of sucrose, which breaks down into glucose and fructose. They speed up reactions but are not consumed by the reaction that is taking place. The most important of the enzyme is the shape as it determines which type of reaction the enzyme speeds up. Enzymes work by passing/lowering and energy barrier and in doing so; they need to bind to substrates via the active. Once they do, the reaction speeds up so much more quickly than it would without the enzyme. Coenzymes and cofactors aid the enzyme when it comes to binding with the substrate. They change the shape of the active site so the substrate can bind properly and perform its function.

Again, label 7 1.5ml tubes 0 thru 6. Place 15μl of each serially diluted extract into its corresponding labeled tube. Next add 465μl of media into each tube. Then 60μl of Alamar blue in each tube. Finally add an additional 60μl of cells (adjusted to 10,000 cells/20 μl). Vortex each tube for 5 seconds. Now, take 3 different samples 190μl samples of concentration 0 and put it in Wells A2, B2, and C2. Repeat this step again by taking 3 more different 190μl samples of concentration 1 and putting it in wells A3, B3, C3. It should be noted that it is important to vortex each 1.5μl tube again be-fore putting it into the 96 well plate. Contin-ue this same procedure consecutively for the re-maining concentrations.

The purpose of this experiment was to record catalase enzyme activity with different temperatures and substrate concentrations. It was hypothesized that, until all active sites were bound, as the substrate concentration increased, the reaction rate would increase. The first experiment consisted of five different substrate concentrations, 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0% H2O2. The second experiment was completed using 0.8% substrate concentration and four different temperatures of enzymes ranging from cold to boiled. It was hypothesized that as the temperature increased, the reaction rate would increase. This would occur until the enzyme was denatured. The results from the two experiments show that the more substrate concentration,

Cuvette 2 which was the control for this experiment had 1 ml of the enzyme used in the experiment, was kept in 23 degrees Celsius and had a pH of 8. Cuvette 3 had 2 ml of the enzyme, was also kept in 23 degrees Celsius and had a pH of 8. Cuvette 4 had 4 ml of the enzyme, was kept in 23 degrees

An enzyme is a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. They are mainly made up of proteins and can tremendously speed up reactions. E. coli ( a bacterium) has about 1,000 different types of enzymes floating around in its cytoplasm at any given time. Enzymes can be used to join and even break up molecules as shown in the diagram below.

Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction by the active site of a protein. A catalyst is a substance that can help the reactants in a chemical reaction react with each other faster. The catalyst for this experiment is yeast. In this lab, the chemical combination of hydrogen peroxide and yeast are used to form a reaction of creating oxygen. The active sites of the yeast combines with the hydrogen peroxide and causes oxygen to form at various levels. Yeast is a one-celled organism belonging to the group of organisms called fungi. Yeast is sometimes used in genetic engineering to produce large quantities of enzymes that can be used for medical purposes as healing wounds and reducing inflammation (How Stuff

Organisms cannot depend solely on spontaneous reactions for the production of materials because they occur slowly and are not responsive to the organism's needs (Martineau, Dean, et al, Laboratory Manual, 43). In order to speed up the reaction process, cells use enzymes as biological catalysts. Enzymes are able to speed up the reaction through lowering activation energy. Additionally, enzymes facilitate reactions without being consumed (manual,43). Each enzyme acts on a specific molecule or set of molecules referred to as the enzyme's substrate and the results of this reaction are called products (manual 43). As a result, enzymes promote a reaction so that substrates are converted into products on a faster pace (manual 43). Most enzymes are proteins whose structure is determined by its sequence of its amino acids. Enzymes are designed to function the best under physiological conditions of PH and temperature. Any change of these variables that change the conformation of the enzyme will destroy or enhance enzyme activity(manual, 43).

have an effect on its pH. A more detailed information about the procedure can be found in

A chemical reaction requires that bonds in the reactants be broken. The initial energy that must be absorbed in order to break the bonds of the reactant molecule is called the energy of activation. Enzymes work by lowering the energy of activation. For example,

generally act as a catalase that initially bring about a chemical reaction.” Enzymes play an

Enzymes are biological catalysts. Without them, biological reactions will not proceed in a reasonable rate. For example, without a series of digestive enzymes, it can take 20 years to digest a hamburger. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions proceed through an ES complex, in which the substrate binds to the enzyme, gets transformed into the product, and releases into the environment. For a specific enzyme, only one or a few different substrate molecules can bind in the proper manner and produce a functional ES complex. The substrate must have a size, shape, and polarity compatible with

Enzymes, proteins that act as catalysts, are the most important type of protein[1]. Catalysts speed up chemical reactions and can go without being used up or changed [3] Without enzymes, the biochemical reactions that take place will react too slowly to keep up with the metabolic needs and the life functions of organisms. Catecholase is a reaction between oxygen and catechol [2]. In the presence of oxygen, the removal of two hydrogen atoms oxidizes the compound catechol, as a result of the formation of water [2]. Oxygen is reduced by the addition of two hydrogen atoms, which also forms water, after catechol is