Enzyme Activity Lab

The results of the three-part experiment provide a deeper knowledge about the factors that influence the rate of the reaction of the enzyme activity and how the factors influence the structure or function of the enzyme.

In the first part of the enzyme lab, we mixed a substrate and an indicator with an enzyme. There was also a neutral buffer in each of the chemical mixtures. The neutral buffer regulated the pH to around 7. We got a color palette and once we mixed each together, we observed and saw a change in the color of the substance. The darker and more brown the substance got, the more oxygen produced by the reaction. Our results showed that amount of oxygen produced increased about 10% a minute until it sort of equilibrated at 4 minutes and didn’t change to the fifth minute mark. If we were to change anything we did in the experiment, we would make our comparisons to the chart more precise. Overall we thought it

Objective: Measure the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with and without the addition of an enzyme catalase at different time intervals.

The topic of this lab is on biochemistry.This experiment was conducted to show how cells prevent the build of hydrogen peroxide in tissues. My group consisted of Lekha, Ruth, and Jason. There were used two different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide through this experiment , 1.5% and 3%. By testing two different types it is easier to understand how the H2O2 and catalase react with one another. To do this both the yeast, which was our catalase, and H2O2 were mixed together in a beaker. Each concentration was tested out twice for more accurate results . 1.5% concentrated H2O2 had an average reaction rate of 10.5 seconds while 3% concentrated H2O2 had an average reaction rate of 7.5 seconds. From this experiment we learned that by increasing the concentration of H2O2 and chemically combining it with a catalase it will speed up the reaction. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions . The independent variable in this experiment was the concentration of the H2O2. Some key vocabulary words are Catalase, enzyme, hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2), and concentration.

The bromelain molecular structure will denature at 75 C. At 75 C, I discovered that the gelatin in the test tube had turned into jelly.

The reaction taking place is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) being broken down into oxygen gas(O2), and water (H2O). The function of the enzyme catalase is to help with the speed of the chemical reaction being done. The enzyme mixes with oxygen to quicken the reaction. We added the chemical Hydrochloric Acid (HCI) to the enzyme mixture to see how it would affect the rate of the reaction. The two things affect enzyme function is temperature and pH. We decided to use Hydrochloric Acid, it has a low pH making it an acidic chemical. We wanted to see if a chemical with an acid pH would affect the speed of the enzyme function. If the rate of the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide is affected by pH, then the enzyme will speed up the reaction time. Turn on the hot plate to heat up the mixture of Catalase (Activated Yeast). Once it hits between 30-37ºC the yeast is ready to use.

Enzymes are catalysts that function to speed up reactions; for example, the enzyme sucrose speeds up the hydrolysis of sucrose, which breaks down into glucose and fructose. They speed up reactions but are not consumed by the reaction that is taking place. The most important of the enzyme is the shape as it determines which type of reaction the enzyme speeds up. Enzymes work by passing/lowering and energy barrier and in doing so; they need to bind to substrates via the active. Once they do, the reaction speeds up so much more quickly than it would without the enzyme. Coenzymes and cofactors aid the enzyme when it comes to binding with the substrate. They change the shape of the active site so the substrate can bind properly and perform its function.

Enzyme Lab Report Jessica 9B RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of different concentrations of catalase on the rate of reaction? BACKGROUND RESEARCH The task of an enzyme is affected by many factors.

“Enzymes are proteins that have catalytic functions” [1], “that speed up or slow down reactions”[2], “indispensable to maintenance and activity of life”[1]. They are each very specific, and will only work when a particular substrate fits in their active site. An active site is “a region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds, and where the reaction occurs”[2].

I think that at a balanced pH level (pH 7) like water, enzyme activity will be at the highest.

Organisms cannot depend solely on spontaneous reactions for the production of materials because they occur slowly and are not responsive to the organism's needs (Martineau, Dean, et al, Laboratory Manual, 43). In order to speed up the reaction process, cells use enzymes as biological catalysts. Enzymes are able to speed up the reaction through lowering activation energy. Additionally, enzymes facilitate reactions without being consumed (manual,43). Each enzyme acts on a specific molecule or set of molecules referred to as the enzyme's substrate and the results of this reaction are called products (manual 43). As a result, enzymes promote a reaction so that substrates are converted into products on a faster pace (manual 43). Most enzymes are proteins whose structure is determined by its sequence of its amino acids. Enzymes are designed to function the best under physiological conditions of PH and temperature. Any change of these variables that change the conformation of the enzyme will destroy or enhance enzyme activity(manual, 43).

Investigating Enzyme Activity Aim: To investigate how the concentration of hydrogen peroxide effects the rate of reaction of an enzyme (catalase) Variables: These factors could effect the rate of reaction on an enzyme: · pH · Concentration · Temperature · Surface Area pH - Enzymes function at different pH values. In neutral conditions the amount of oxygen gas given of in an enzyme-catalysed reaction will increase. An enzyme is affected by how much acid or alkali is present. Many enzymes work best in neutral conditions but some prefer acids and some prefer alkalis.

An Enzyme is a protein, which is capable of starting a chemical reaction, which involves the formation or breakage of chemical bonds. A substrate is the surface or material on or from which an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment. In this case it is hydrogen peroxide. This lab report will be explaining the experiment held to understand the effects of the changes in the amount of substrate on the enzyme’s reaction.

Hold the IKI spray bottle 25 - 30 cm away from the paper towel, and mist with the IKI solution.

In this lab the effect of the enzyme concentration has on the speed of the reaction will be observed. The amount of oxygen gas produced will be measured to determine the reaction rate. If the enzyme concentration increases then the reaction rate will also increase. The measure of how fats oxygen is produced will be how long it takes for the filter paper disk soaked in different concentrations of catalase to rise to the top. If catalase is exposed to boiling temperature then it will denature.