Energy Resources: Switzerland
Electricity production:
Hydropower and nuclear energy account for 95% of Switzerland’s electricity production with 56% of electricity production coming from hydropower and 39% from nuclear power.
Hydropower, obtained from the energy produced by moving water, is widely used in Switzerland due to the country’s topography and high levels of rainfall. There are 556 hydropower plants in Switzerland with the majority of hydroelectricity production coming from mountainous cantons such as, Grisons and Uri.
The principal component of a hydropower plant is a dam, which holds back the water, creating a reservoir. The water in the reservoir has potential energy, which turns into kinetic energy as it flows through
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In addition, dams are incredibly expensive to build, and can cause flooding of land, which entails the destruction of the natural environment and habitat of animals, and people alike. Finally, hydropower depends heavily on high levels of precipitation that one has no control over, making hydropower very unreliable.
Nuclear power:
Nuclear plants are expensive to build with continuous production of nuclear waste that increases the risk of radioactive accidents, such as the incident at Chernobyl in 1986, from whose repercussions the inhabitants of the region are still suffering. Moreover, nuclear waste can remain hazardous for tens of thousands of years. Finally, the mining of uranium (which itself is scarce) contaminates the surrounding area, implying that it causes damage even before it is used in the plant. Alternatives for the future:
Among possible alternatives for future electricity production, the following are most viable today: solar, wind, and biogas energy- all of which are renewable, and well suited to the conditions in Switzerland.
Biogas energy is cheap, and produces enriched organic matter that could replace chemical fertilizers. Moreover, the technology needed to create the gas is cheap to manufacture. However, impurities in the gas can corrode the metal of internal combustion engines.
Wind energy is free, and easy to harness. It benefits the
Biomass provides 10.8% of global primary energy use, nuclear power provides 6.5%, and hydropower provides 2.2% of global primary energy use. Nuclear power generates 15.8% of the world’s electricity, and hydropower generates 15.9%.
For many of us, suicide is an emotionally laden, fear-provoking human tragedy. Even people, who have attempted suicide, often cannot adequately explain their wish to die. Suicide is so perplexing to us because it is incongruent. Reasons and actions of people who commit suicide do not add up.
Hydroelectric energy is used the most in France because France is trying to use more renewable energy sources. Due to the Kyoto Protocol, France is developing a new system of energy-related research and development for renewable energy sources. (Campus France)
to get clean energy for use of cars planes and other things that we use everyday.
“Worldwide, hydropower facilities possess a significant amount of installed electric generating capacity. IEA statistics indicate that at the end of 2001 there was in excess of 450,000 MW of installed capacity within IEA member countries, with about half in Europe and half in North America. In addition to conventional hydropower, there is more than 80,000 MW of installed pumped-hydro capacity in IEA countries. In contrast, utility-scale wind power is relatively new in the electric market, but increasing rapidly” (Integration of Wind and Hydropower Systems)
Switzerland is best known for their cheese, chocolate and watches. However, their Swiss Energy Program should be added to that list and taken into consideration and emulated by other countries, like the United States. Similar to the Kyoto Protocol, the Swiss Energy Program introduced a CO2 Act, which planned to reduce their carbon emissions by ten percent by the year 2010. They were slightly successful, however compared to the United States, their carbon emissions are unsubstantial. Switzerland also implemented a Nuclear Phase-out plan which would completely stop the use of nuclear energy by the year 2034. Since Switzerland uses nuclear energy for 40 percent of their energy, this plan would be effective by increasing energy efficiency in other renewable energy sources. Finally, Switzerland promotes energy efficiency through their Swiss Energy Program by implementing the Energy Strategy 2050. This strategy has five main objectives Switzerland intends to accomplish by 2050 which include reducing energy consumption, broadening electricity supply, maintaining electricity imports, strengthening energy research, and encouraging international cooperation. Due to their monumental use of renewable energy, the Swiss Energy Program is effective by increasing energy efficiency through their implementation of CO2 Act, Nuclear Phase-out plan, and Energy Strategy 2050.
Nuclear power provided 11 percent of the world 's electricity production in 2014. In 2016, 13 countries relied on nuclear energy to supply at least one-quarter of their total electricity.
The International Energy Agency estimates that by the year 2003 forty percent of the world's energy production will be from sources other than fossil fuels or nuclear power. Nevertheless, the need for
The pharmacist Code of Ethics states that pharmacists must respect the autonomy and dignity of each patient. The major ethical issue in this case deals with the principle of respecting Mrs. Jackson’s autonomy. Her patient does not lack any of the factors inherently necessary to be an autonomous person. There is no reason to believe that the patient lacks the innate capacity to understand her action and intention. However, her fixed income and high heating bills may play a role in her ability to make a truly autonomous decision. There is evidence in the case that the Jacksons are sharing the medication due to a financial strain.
C. Rivers are the source of another popular technology. Hydroelectric Turbines leverage this hydro energy.
"Blood will have blood," a famous quote from Shakespeare's Macbeth, means that the blood of the victim will seek out the blood of the murderer; in this case, that is Macbeth. This play is full of many central themes that display the different sides of the characters. Although Macbeth proves to be very power hungry; greed, ambition, and also revenge fuel the individuals in this play, whether it be for the right or wrong reasons.
Unlike gasoline or diesel, biofuels release little pollution. It can also be used to produce electricity by heating water using biofuels and using the steam produced to rotate a turbine. Another method is to allow the biofuel to decay and produce methane. Methane is commonly used as fuel for car, heating, cooking, and producing electricity.
It is a clean, practical alternative that would satisfy the world economy's growing energy demand." Today there are 212 nuclear power plants in the world and the number is expected to rise to 250 in the next five years. Nuclear power already provides 75% of power in France and 20% here in the United States (McQuinn). Like nuclear energy, wind energy is also becoming more popular and efficient. Large wind turbines powered completely by wind gusts generate up to 233 megawatts of power every minute (Roberts 12). Homeowners and farmers can now own their own wind turbines and have their unused energy purchased by energy companies. Wind energy is very popular in Germany especially where at least 33% of the countries energy comes completely from wind turbines (Roberts 13).
Hydroelectric power plant is one of the major power plants all over the world in order to create electricity. It is also one of the best renewable energy sources on the planet earth. In ranking, Canada is the third largest country to produce hydroelectricity power. The efficiency of this power source is 90% and this is very impressive as the percentage of efficiency is very high. Hydro power plants generate 24% of the world’s electricity. More than 1 billion people are associated with hydro power plants as they use the power supply from hydro power plants.
Of these two types of energy production, fossil fuels like oil, gas, and coal make up about ninety percent of the world’s energy usage. Nuclear power takes up five percent of this equation, with the remaining renewable energy resources splitting