Energy Gap Between Electron Shells

If all atoms want to have 8 electrons on their outer shell, what should happen between Na and Cl for each atom to reach that state of having 8 valence electrons?

The figure depicts the excitation of an electron into the conduction band thus leaving a hole in the valence band. An electron-hole pair is called an exciton, and the natural physical separation between them is called the excitonic Bohr radius and is characteristic of each material. Thus when a semiconducting material approaches a size nearing its Bohr excitonic radius, the exciton is said to be confined within the particle and is called quantum

1- Different elements give off different colors when heated because electrons go farther the nucleus, or to an upper energy level, and once they go back to their original orbit (energy level), they release colors because of the amount of energy released. This also happens because different elements are in different orbits and they hit different orbits as well.

The wavelength of the light should be a different color from the solution’s color. This is because if the color of the wavelength of the light is the same color as the solution’s color, then the color would not be absorbed. The only way that a solution can absorb a color is if the color of the light’s wavelength is its complementary (opposite) color. The color of the light chosen for this experiment was blue because the wavelength was set to 430nm, which corresponds to blue's wavelength. The color of the FeSCN2+ complex ion is blood-red.

In paragraph eleven of "Energy Story" it explains how electrons can work. The author states "Electrons can be made to move from one atom to another." and continues to "When

2. What color of light is the highest in energy? Violet has the highest energy because it has the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency making it the one color with the highest energy. We can conclude that potassium chloride has the highest energy 3. How are electrons "excited"?

Like butterflies and hummingbirds that acquire their colour when light hits their bodies, opals gain their ‘play of colour’ when a light ray encounters small obstacles or slits. When the light wave bends as it passes around the edge or through the small openings, the ray breaks apart and scatters the wave into visible rainbow hues. This phenomenon is known as diffraction. To understand how this happens, you need to learn the structure of opals.

How are the colors of the Northern Lights created? "The atmosphere contains mostly nitrogen and oxygen, which the characteristics colors of their respective line spectra." [webexhibits.org] The Northern Lights, also known as the Aurora Borealis, has many elements in the surface of the earth. There's atomic oxygen, nitrogen, mixed with hydrogen. "Only one of these elements are responsible for the two main colors which are green and red." [webexhibits.org] You would think that the Aurora was just lights appearing in the sky but they're actually distractions between electrically charged particles from the sun that comes into the earth's atmosphere. [northernlightscentre.ca] The most common colors are green, yellow, and red. Nitrogen causes most of the blue, purple, and red parts, the bright cool colors. Atomic oxygen causes most of the orange and yellow parts, the warm colors. Northern Lights are like curtains in the sky

In a Chinese ritual, tubes made of bamboo filled with gunpowder were thrown into a fire for explosions. After this, gunpowder and tubes have been used for celebrations. As rockets became more advanced, these “fireworks” became more advanced, with more shapes and sizes.

In this experiment, paper chromatography was used to determine what pigments were present in spinach extract. From this experiment, we can see that four different types of pigments are present in the spinach extract used, the following are those pigments: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, beta carotene, and xanthophyll. The absorption and reflection of these pigments all revolve around the basis of the electromagnetic spectrum. The form of electromagnetic radiation is released as light and overall it is a type of energy that travels in waves. Going back to the spectrum itself, all the different types of electromagnetic radiation combine to form the electromagnetic spectrum, which tells us which colors can be absorbed and/or reflected. Each wave

(Blair,William) Atoms make up matter when an electron is excited it gives high energy. When an electron temporarily occupies a state of energy it is greater than its ground state, it is then in its high energy state. (Newman,Phil) Inside each element chemical’s are released that gives off

Every 4th of July, many people go out at night and spend hours watching firework shows. Most of us are content to simply enjoy the pretty colors and sparks, without questioning the chemistry behind the spectacle, but have you ever really thought about how fireworks produce such vibrant colors? The colors emitted when a firework explodes come from an aerial shell inside the firework that contains explosive chemicals and metallic salts. These colors appear to us because of luminescence. Luminescence occurs as a result of the valence electrons in the metal salt atoms moving and changing positions. The explosion of fireworks is not a miracle; it’s simply chemistry at work.

Solids and liquids glow at very high temperatures. To see these glow, you need to look at using a spectroscope. When you do look through the spectroscope, you see a band of colors that resembles a rainbow. The reason why this happens is because the atoms are packed closely together. In the early 1900’s, Niels Henrik David Bohr created an explanation why the lines of the spectrum are the way they are. Niels Bohr was a Danish born physicist who is world renowned for his works of quantum physics. Bohr proposed that electron that orbits the cloud of protons and neutrons has a set to have a certain energy. When the electron occupies the energy level of lowest energy, it is in its ground state. If an electron occupies a higher energy levels then

In the nucleus of an atom there are protons and neutrons the number of protons and neutrons depends on the element and ,if it is an isotope of that element. E.g. carbon 12, carbon 12 has six neutrons six protons and 6 electrons . Electrons are located around the nucleus of the atom. Electrons are in shells, the shell closest to the nucleus is 1 , the one after 2 and so on. Each shell can only hold up to a certain number of electrons . the first can hold up to 2 , the second 8 (2+6) the third up to 18 (2+6+10). The general formula for finding out how many electrons a shell can hold is 2n^2. Electrons have a negative charge , while protons have a positive and neutrons have no charge. A atom has the same number of protons and electrons. An ion is formed when an atom loses or gains a electrons .

When a beam of sunlight passes through a specially shaped glass object called a prism, the rays of different wavelengths are bent at different angles. The bending breaks up the sunlight into a beautiful band of colors. This band contains all the colors of the rainbow and is called the visible spectrum. At one end of the spectrum, the light appears as violet. It consists of the shortest wavelengths of light that we can see. Farther along the spectrum, the light has increasingly longer wavelengths. It appears as blue, green, yellow, orange, and red, each shading into its neighboring colors in the spectrum. The longest wavelengths of light that we can see appear deep red in color. Some descriptions of the spectrum also mention the color indigo, which is closely related to blue, between violet and blue.