Endometriosis Pathogenesis

6. Based on the cell biology, what options do you have to treat the disorder?

Its causes remain unknown in the vast majority of cases, hence it remains a huge issue in terms of etiology, pathogenic mechanism and pharmacological treatment. (#121)

In the journal article, An Unusual Case of Asymptomatic Spontaneous Umbilical Endometriosis Treated with Skin – sparing Excision, the author discusses the study of an unusual case of umbilical endometriosis in a healthy thirty nine year old healthy female. “Medical research proves that endometriosis usually affects woman that have a difficult menstrual cycle accompanied with a great amount of pain” (WebMd). “Umbilical endometriosis is a rare buildup of endometriosis in the umbilical cord, due to the known history that the disease is typically a manifestation outside of the uterus as a result of tissue built up” (Arkoulis N).

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among reproductive aged women, with a prevalence of 16.6-18% according to the 2003 Rotterdam criteria (1-3). Though PCOS is extremely common, up to 70% of women with the syndrome are undiagnosed (3). The PCOS diagnosis is one of ovarian dysfunction and hyperandrogenism, and as such has important implications for reproductive health (see Table 1; NIH, 2012). However, in addition to these reproductive criteria – which tend to manifest as hirsutism, infertility, and pregnancy complications – PCOS is marked by

The ovary is a critical organ of the female reproductive and endocrine system. When preforming in an optimal manner, the ovary functions as a gonad, by producing mature gametes and by synthesizing and excreting hormones within a set point. It is essential for sexual maturation and reproduction. When it deviates away from this normal physiology, many serious heath problems can emerge. A principal example of ovarian abnormal physiology is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most prominent endocrinopathies in the world, affecting anywhere between 5-10% of the female population (Dunaif, 1995). Although this disease affects so many women, not much is known about the exact origin of it and all of the shortcomings

were noticed in our study. This was comparable to the results of Matani et al

Give details on the physiological causes. You may describe the pathophysiology at a cellular or molecular level.

High levels of it impulses the ovaries to produce more than the usual amount of testosterone, which intervenes with the development of the follicles and prevents normal ovulation. It can also lead to overweight , which can make PCOS symptoms worse, because excess fat causes the body to produce even more insulin.

Please explain the pathophysiology of the problem and how this is reflected in the patient’s clinical presentation.

tissue to form in the fallopian tubes. If the tube is only partially scarred, the fertilized egg cannot

Infertility: Polycystic ovary syndrome is probably the most common cause of anovulatory infertility (11), associated with an increased risk of miscarriage after either spontaneous or assisted conception (1) and the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in assisted conception (12). A higher incidence of first trimester spontaneous abortions (25–73%) has been reported in women with polycystic ovaries or PCOS (13). Abnormalities in LH secretion were found in 81% of women with recurrent fetal loss, and higher androgen levels were observed in women who had recurrent miscarriages, both with and without PCOS. Anovulatory infertility, due to arrested folliculogenesis in PCOS, is frequently found in association with insulin resistance (IR) and obesity (14).

It is one of the most aggressive diseases, and the prognosis depends on early diagnosis of the disease [8]. However, many benign diseases mimic the sign

Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer are two of a fatal diseases that occur among woman. Infect Ovarian cancer is more fatal than endometrial cancer and accounts for almost half of the gynecologic cancer mortality in the world. Therefore there needs to be a careful analysis of the contributing factors which increase the risk of these diseases.

Infertility and ovarian cancer are very serious problems that can be developed in women with endometriosis. Infertility is the main problem associated with endometriosis. It can be a major setback for seemingly healthy couples that want to start a family. “Endometriosis is associated with infertility in 30-40% of sufferers (World Endometriosis, 2011)” “The presence of endometriosis may involve masses of tissue or scarring (adhesions) within the pelvis that may distort normal anatomical structures, such as Fallopian tubes, which transport the eggs from the ovaries. Alternatively, endometriosis may affect fertility through the production of hormones and other substances that have a negative effect on ovulation, fertilization of the egg, and/or implantation of the embryo” (MedicineNet, 2013). Although

It is regularly found in relationship with atypical endometrial hyperplasia, which is thought to be a forerunner injury. Sort II endometrial diseases, are thought to be estrogen autonomous, happening in more seasoned ladies, with high-review histologist, for example, uterine papillary serous or clear cell. (http://emedicine.medscape.com)