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Electron Microscopes Lab Report

Good Essays

Summarise the differences between how the Light Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope work; Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each type of microscope.

The three different types of microscope all work very differently. They all have limitations as to what can and cannot be seen through them and two key factors as to why this is are magnification and resolution. Magnification determines how closely we can look at the object, whereas resolution presents the limits of the microscope as to what sized structures can be seen clearly and can remain in focus, even at a very large magnification. The light microscope only has a magnification of up to x1500, which is very small in comparison to the x250,000 …show more content…

Apart from being dehydrated, specimens are often stained using the negative staining technique. When negative staining is used, the stain does not bind to the specimen and only a stained background remains, creating the necessary contrast. The stain used for the TEM usually consists of heavy metal salts such as uranium or lead because this adds to the electron density of the specimen, resulting in more interactions between electrons in the beam and in the sample for a more contrasted image. Scanning electron microscopes use similar types of specimen to the TEM: dehydrated and non-living, but these samples tend to be coated with heavy metal ions such as gold in order to reflect electrons and increase the conductivity of the sample. It does not matter very much whether a specimen for the SEM is thin because the electron beam does not have to travel through the specimen, and only the surface of it is significant. Specimens for both types of electron microscope also have to be positioned in a vacuum so that the electrons do not react with any surrounding air molecules. Samples for light microscopes usually just undergo staining to increase their …show more content…

These work because the aqueous interior of a cell (cytosol) is negatively-charged, so the dyes are either repelled or attracted to it. The cytosol bonds with positively-charged dyes like methylene blue. It repels negatively-charged dyes like nigrosin, which results in only the background being stained. The samples used for light microscopes must be translucent. There are many advantages and disadvantages for each type of microscope, depending on what sort of image you would like to produce. The scanning electron microscope has a function that is very different to the TEM because it is able to show the surfaces of samples, rather than just going through them. This unique function is very useful is specific circumstances, like when looking at antigens on the surface of a cell, but not very useful when trying to look at the organelles found inside that cell. The transmission electron microscope is able to show smaller organelles very clearly due to its higher magnification and better resolution. The light microscope is not able to do this and only the simplest structures can be seen. An advantage of light microscopes is that specimen can be living, and the samples have not been treated very much. Although it is possible to see much smaller structures with an TEM, the treatment required in order to

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