Effects of Patient Education on Non-Compliant Patients with Chronic Illnesses
A Review of the Literature
Victoria Meadows
Shenandoah University
Introduction
Non-compliance is expressed as the failure or refusal to comply. In this instance, it is used to reference a “patient who elicits through their behavior— the inability of taking medication, following a diet, executing lifestyle changes—or not corresponding with agreed recommendations from a health care provider” (McIntyre, 2016). Non-compliant behavior is actually believed to be an epidemic and is likely one of the most common causes of treatment failure for chronic conditions as it hinders the doctor’s ability to provide optimal care” (McIntyre, 2016). Patient education can
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Knowledge and overall recollection of information is an imperative factor with patient education because it directly influences the patient’s problem solving, health behaviors, and decision making capabilities. Four out of the seven pieces of literature investigated identified technological devices versus standard information as a more effective means of education due to increased knowledge. However, out of the four different sets of studies, three of the study sample groups had moderate to high education levels whereas the control group had a substantially lower education level (Ryhanen, 2012). Which raises the question as to whether or not the technological devices/computer based learning systems would be appropriate for a population with a low education level. Due to the limited generalizability, it could possibly be seen as bias, thus resulting in an ambiguous effect which implies further research (Gyomber, 2010).
Patients displayed increased satisfaction levels with the technological devices in contrast to the standard education by the healthcare provider. After analysis of the patient background per each of the studies, it can be concluded that once again, education level in addition to physical functioning ability would greatly impact the
On December 7th, 1941 at 7:48 am the Japanese Navy attacked the United States military base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. By attacking Pearl Harbor, the Japanese had hoped to preclude the United State’s naval force and continue their siege on Southeast Asia. With the United States’ naval power incapacitated for a period of time the Japanese could gain Southeast Asia’s Trade routes and materials (Trowbridge, 2014). The Pearl Harbor attacks created a wave paranoia, and a sense of “what-if” when it came to the topic of Japanese immigrants possibly aiding in more attacks on U.S. soil. Furthermore, the government utilized the public’s fear of subsequent attacks, and the possibility of any Japanese immigrant being a spy or saboteur; therefore,
Some of the factors that patients do not adhere to when their healthcare provider tells them too is due to patients being too busy. Often times life is very busy as we all know this but forgetting to take of yourself can have detrimental effects to your health. Some people think they can get better on their own without the help of a doctor so they feel like they will be fine or able to handle any health complication on their own. Another reason is that often people do not understand or they forget what the doctor is telling them about their prescribed treatment regimens and other patients decide to simply not follow it. As stated in the article by Sklar, Min Sen Oh & & Chuen Li, 2008 “Poor communication with healthcare providers was also likely to cause a negative effect on patient’s compliance (Bartlett et al 1984; Apter et al 1998)”. Miscommunication between a doctor and patient is at the root of most adherence problems. Often times patients leave their doctors office not knowing or having the slightest clue to what they should be doing. Instead of asking for help or clarity they just leave. Communication needs to be clear and effective for both the patient and the doctor. Non-adherence is wide spread when it comes to patients not adhering to what professionals tell them. Many patients will have significant risks because they forget,
Intentional non adherence is defined as an active decision or choice by a patient not to follow the prescribed treatment regimen, while unintentional non adherence is a passive process, such as being careless or forgetting to adhere to the prescribed regimen. Factors associated with intentional and unintentional non adherence include patient demographic characteristics, patient psychosocial and behavioural characteristics, social factors, disease-related factors, financial and other health system barriers, the patient–provider relationship, and treatment-related factors. Medication adherence is a dynamic process. Though poor adherence leads to lower medication costs, it can increase non-medication health care costs by causing suboptimal disease control and increased health care utilization. Compared with all of the resources spent on the development of new drugs, helping patients improve their adherence to existent cardiovascular drugs has enormous potential for improving health outcomes while reducing healthcare
Medication adherence is described as the extent to which the patients take medication as prescribed by the health care provider. To ensure the patients receive proper care, health care systems must implement procedures to successfully meet their needs and overall improve their quality of life. However, there are several reasons that affect proper medical care, which ultimately results in an increase in health care expenses and poorer health outcomes for patients. Studies have shown that approximately 50% of patients do not take their chronic medications as prescribed and that nonadherence can cost the health care system nearly $100 to $289 billion per year (1). Medication adherence is difficult to achieve due to ineffective communication between
One of the many ways technology is improving PA and nursing is that it makes promoting patient education much easier. Patient education is when health professionals give information about how to alter your lifestyle to stay healthy. The traditional way of doing this was seeing your PA or nurse through doctor appointments, but now through technology there is a much faster and effective way of doing this.
Patient Adherence: There is no known cure for chronic disease, the progressive nature of chronic disease the patient and family must adjust to continual treatment changes, and the chronic disease continues throughout the patient’s lifetime developmental and lifestyle changes often influence or pose additional challenges to the person with a chronic
Non-adherence to medication is common in the US and is one of the main challenge public health sector faces. Even though the challenge results in significant wastage of resources in the health sector, there are no regulations in the US that address the issues (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). Through estimation, half of the medications of chronic diseases are not taken as required. Non-adherence to medication has also impacted the individual patients negatively. Thus, the effort being taken to reduce the problem of chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, cancer and heart diseases remains a challenge due to non-adherence to medication.
Technology has been advancing every day, which has tremendous effects on the lifestyle of people. People are dependent on technology, and as a lifestyle of people change, a demand of advance technology grows. Technological advancement has both positive and negative effects, for instance, benefits of technological advancement are time saving, increases the production, simplifies the communication, improved the health care and education and others. On the other hand, technology has decreased the human interaction, people are lazy and dependent due to technology, which has decreased the innovation and increases the health risks such as weight gain and obesity-related health issues. This paper will describe regarding the historical perspectives of U.S health care delivery system. The paper will contrast and describe the two technological advances and their impact on a health care delivery system. In addition, a paper will explain regarding the author and public opinion on technological advances.
Persistence is a firm continuance in course of action despite difficulty or opposition. In the world of entrepreneurship and business you can't be weak even if you fail a couple of times. Janelle Shanise James is the embodiment of this strength and ideology. She prides herself as a mother, beauty lover, rule breaker, and truth seeker. Make-up has always been Janelle’s passion throughout life, but, up until a few years ago, she had always discounted it as something that girls just play around with. Although most business owners can look back to a time in their childhood where they were selling postcards or making a few dollars wiping windows - Janelle admits that she hadn’t been grooming herself for self-employment at a young age. She began
Patient education enables patients to assume better responsibility for their own health care, improving patients’ ability to manage acute and chronic disorders.
In observation, (Fahnestock, McComb, & Deshmukh, 2013) stated "Information technologies are transforming the way healthcare is delivered. Innovations such as computer-based patient records, hospital information systems, computer-based decision support tools, community health information networks and new ways of distributing health information.” (p.3.2). In the sector of delivering healthcare using technology, has made it easier for healthcare professionals to access medical records, digitization of prescriptions and view test results. With the use of high-performance devices being used in the hospital, helps to make the jobs of healthcare professionals a little easier. As well as relieve anxiety from anxious patients that may be awaiting lab results to come back. Therefore, IT devices and services has been and continues to be a tremendous help and game changer for the healthcare system. However, there is still a lot of work to be done to help shape and reform the healthcare
“The odds of having good health outcomes are 2.88 % higher when patients are adherent” ( DiMatteo, Haskard-Zolnierek & Martin, 2012, p. 75). Nonadherence occurs for many reasons and may or may not be intentional. Nonadherence is defined as the failure to follow prescribed medical advice. Examples of actions considered to be medical advice are: to take medication as prescribed, make behavioral changes such as diet and exercise, keep appointments, and have screenings/testing done. Nonadherence, also called noncompliance also causes frustration of providers and patients, and wastes resources. Rates of nonadherence can be as high as 70% with complex regimens (Martin, Williams & DiMatteo, 2005). Factors in compliance with medical advice include: severity of disease, complexity of regimen, patient knowledge and beliefs, costs incurred by the patient, resource availability, availability of social support, psychological problems, and rapport and communication with healthcare providers.
Medication adherence comes from whether or not the patient takes their medication as prescribed, and on whether or not they continue to take that medication. Medication noncompliance has been a growing concern in the healthcare industry due to the association with relapse, higher cost of care, lower level of functioning, risk for suicide, and re-hospitalization with longer hospital stays (Bressington, Gray, & Mui, 2013). There are many different factors that can be associated with medication noncompliance in addition to negative attitudes toward taking medication, poor insight, substance misuse, previous noncompliance and inadequate discharge planning.
Compliance in healthcare is when a patient agrees with a prescribed medical regimen which is recommended by the physician (Butts & Rich, 2016). The patient must give consent, either oral or written, with the intention of following through with the regimen. Some have considered this consent to be like coercion because it appears the patient is being persuaded to act in a submissive manner. Noncompliance is when a patient exhibits nonconforming behaviors which are perceived as incompetence and deviance. The negativity of this term has led to the decline of the use of compliance. Adherence is a term used to demonstrate patient choice to follow medical regimens and deemphasizes the control the physician had. Nonadherence indicates that a patient chooses not to follow through with the prescribed medical regimen. There are many reasons, both intentional and nonintentional, why a patient chooses not to follow through with the plan. Concordance is a partnership between the patient and provider. They negotiate how the patient will follow the treatment plan taken into consideration the patient’s beliefs and wishes.
Workplace discrimination happens every day, but is almost never openly admitted. To believe without hesitation that the personal beliefs of a potential employee have never been the reason to deny a person a job is naïve, or even a sign of ignorance. Practically every job application has a comment about how race, religion, or having a disability will not be a factor in determining eligibility for a position; I cannot say the same about an individual who has tattoos, piercings, or other body modifications having the same confirmations.