Educational Facilities Are Inherently Unequal

The article, “Still Separate, Still Unequal” by Jonathan Kozol, is basically about how the school system of today is still separated and still unequal according to those with different skin color or race. Even though the court case ‘Brown v. Board of Education’, intentionally was made to fix this problem, everything stayed the same. Kozol’s argument was to prove that the school systems are separated and unequal for students based on their race or the color of their skin. He proved his point by using many facts to help explain that there are many cities and areas within the school system that are unequal and separated. The use of pure facts instead of personal opinions makes this issue seem like a real problem instead of a one man’s opinion.

What do we think about when we think segregation? The first thing we’re most likely to think is schools, parks and stores right? Well it was more than that, segregation affected communities and even libraries and restaurants. Imagine it’s pre-1954, and you’re a black student walking to school. You see the bus pass but it doesn’t even drive as far as you have to walk, the kids get out and go into their heated and stable school while you think to yourself “how come our school isn’t that nice?” This was the whole idea in the

In this time period, the school were segregation. By having the school’s segregation, the Black school’s system didn’t get a lot of money to support the students need to receive a good education. The African American wasn’t getting the same education like the White Americans. The Boston school committee wanted the Black schools to be treated equally to the White school, “separate but equal”. David Walker, a black abolitionist, didn’t accepted the “separate but equal” doctrine (page 51).

Ferguson, segregation in public places became an accepted normalcy in America. Segregation was an inconvenience to black families who had children attending school. Linda Brown was an 8 year old girl who lived in a mixed neighborhood in Topeka, Kansas. She was forced to walk a long distance to get to a school bus that would take her far away to a school intended for only black children, even though there was a school located in her neighborhood. Her father Mr. Brown spoke with the school to see if they would admit his daughter, but they refused to desegregate their white school because according to the current laws, they didn’t have to. Under “separate but equal,” theoretically Linda Brown was receiving an equally opportunistic education as a white child was, so she should have had no need to transfer schools, but in reality this was not the case. Document 7a shows that on average, Southern States spent substantially more on white children’s education than colored children’s. This alone proves that there were inequalities in the education system which broke “separate but equal”. Even if the facilities and supplies were exactly the same for both white and black children, there would still be inequality. That fact that there was a need for separate places for learning psychologically damaged black children because they felt inferior and therefore could not perform at the same academic level. Document 7b, a letter sent by the National Association for the

Back in 1898, the Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson allowed states to set segregation laws, and it created the term “separate but equal”. What transpired were public services such as restrooms, drinking fountains, restaurants, and methods of transportation that were exclusive to white, or colored citizens. Over half a century later, the case of Brown v. Board of Education turned that term upside down, and declaring that it violated the fourteenth amendment for people of all colors, including black and whites, to be forced away from one another in schools. No longer were there schools primarily for African Americans, the public school system was in the process of becoming a melting pot of people of all genders, colors, and backgrounds.

The days of African-American’s not being able to read and write were ending. The Southern States placed African-American schools around their regions. Not only did it bring education to African-American children, the Reconstruction made public schools supported by the states. Before the Reconstruction the Southerners saw education as something that should be taught at home, and it wasn’t a necessity for children to attend a school. The make of public schools, not only educated the African-American children, but also the White children in the

The children's self worth and confidence would rapidly decline. The white schools would be nicer than the schools assigned to the blacks which show that the schools in fact were not equal in any way. By putting the children in separate schools they were exposing the children to racial segregation. “Even if all facilities were equal , the very nature of segregation made separate education profoundly unequal for black children” which exceedingly changed the viewpoints of the children being exposed to the separate schools. The entire idea of ‘separate but equal” is discriminatory and prejudiced due to its nature of separating people based on their race and giving a false sense that one race is superior. “The Doll Test” shows that the effect of separate schools on black children is “a confusion in the child's concept of hid on self esteem.” The children get a sense of “feelings of inferiority, conflict, confusion in his own self image, hostility towards himself, hostility towards whites, and intensification of the desire to resolve his basic conflict by sometimes escaping or withdrawing.” The

“Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system.” Through this quote, the Warren Court thoroughly established why separate is not and has never been truly equal in regards to public education since segregation consequently lays down a system that has a damaging effect on the psyche of young African-American students leading them to deem themselves as inferior to Caucasians. Moreover, it causes African-American students to internalize their feelings of inferiority which causes them to have a lack of motivation in their education, slow their learning and mental growth, and miss out on achieving their full educational potential. Furthermore, one can assume that segregation could cause African-American students to mistakenly consider themselves as less academically and

“Separate But Equal” has to do with the separation of whites and African Americans. The white people thought that the African Americans should be separated from them just because his/or her skin color was different. The African Americans thought that separating them from the white people was a violation of the rights of citizens. There was a court case that dealt with the separation of African Americans and whites. It was called Brown vs. Board of Education. Schools that were separate were not at all equal during this time. The whites had better school equipment and higher educated teachers to help educate his/or her students. The states then made it mandatory to accept students into public schools with no judgement towards his/or her religion or color. Since desegregation there have been numerous beneficial outcomes for African Americans.

Education is essential to a person's future and success but with people of color not receiving the proper education they deserved they generally stayed in lower socioeconomic levels. In “Inequalities of Education” the author states that “The “white” schools had more money to purchase supplies and pay teachers. While “black” schools were usually one roomed with discarded supplies and outdated textbooks from the “white” schools.” This helps prove how schools were for people who weren't white, and helps provide a picture of how poorly the schools were for people of color by them not having good supplies and the correct textbooks given to

The movie Separate but Equal was set in the time frame of the 1950’s. The issue of school segregation originally started out with the Scotts Branch School requesting the district to provide them with a single school bus to help children get to school more efficiently. Most African Americans school were located miles away from where the students actually lived meaning some would have to walk 5 or more miles to get to school casing them to eventually stop attending all together. It was for these reasons that the school requested a bus to help get students to school and continued their education, however the district turned them down stating they didn’t have any buss that they could give them because needed them for the white children. From

"...if the colored children are denied the experience in school of associating with white children, who represent 90 percent of our national society in which these colored children must live, then the colored child's curriculum is being greatly curtailed. The Topeka curriculum or any school curriculum cannot be equal under segregation."

Education was and still is a very important aspect in life, but Jim Crow laws made receiving an equal education an impossible task. “Education: The schools for white children and the schools for Negro children shall be conducted separately” Florida (“Jim Crow Laws”). Although both races did receive an education, they were not equal. Schools for white

We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does...We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.

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