Slide 1 – Introduction Despite our geographical and economic focus on Asia, Australia’s culture is heavily influenced by its’ British colonial past and the close friendship we enjoy with the United States. The cultural gap between Australia and the rest of the Indo-Pacific region, therefore, leaves our businesses in a weaker position to negotiate with our Asian neighbours. However, the businesses that both understand and are able to adopt the expected Japanese protocols of negotiation will most likely succeed in not only signing a deal, but also, in establishing a long-term mutually beneficial business relationship for the future. All aspects of negotiation in Japan are firmly rooted in the traditional hierarchical structure of Japanese …show more content…
The same desire for social order also permeates the business culture in Japan. Therefore, the vertical structure of society is pivotal in shaping the business relationships of the buyer and the seller, and the Keiretsu companies (Oikawa and Tanner, 1992). This is diametrically opposed to Australia where we pride ourselves on our egalitarian society (Katz, 2007). Slide 3 – Relationships in Japanese Negotiation The vertical structure of society governs the two parties’ social rank in relation to each other and hence, informs both the role of the super (buyer) and the subordinate (seller) throughout the negotiation (Oikawa and Tanner, 1992). This structure is also commonly manifested in other business relationships like those of a Keiretsu, with Keiretsu being a closely formed group (or family) of companies. Business Relationships - Buyers and Sellers In business, buyers are culturally honoured and have the privilege of being less polite in their communication than the seller (Zhang and Kuroda, 1989). The cultural value of Amae (interdependency) between the both parties creates a business environment where the reciprocity of both parties is both expected and highly valued. Sellers place their faith in the buyers to agree to a fair price on a proposal and in turn, buyers expect and receive loyalty from the sellers for price considerations
I would categorize the buyer as having a high power context, and the seller as having a low power context. The buyer did not care a great deal about the relationship between the two, while the seller was ultimately much more concerned about their personal relationship. This was demonstrated throughout their interaction. If the seller could have gotten the deal signed with no relationship built, he would have, but the buyer did not care as much about the details of the contract. This shows that the seller was involved in a much lower context, and the buyer came spoke with high context. He placed a high value on interpersonal communication, and the seller used very little words and used the contract to talk. In this example, the buyer was
Therefore, it is important to increase our knowledge of Asian cultures, languages, negotiation styles, and business practices to further develop business relations that are favorable to the continued growth and development of our own country and the global marketplace. The Asia countries make a massive impact on global economics and trade relations which also affects the political aspects related to international relationships.
seller free to reject the offer. Mandarin and merchant, baron and burgher, landlord and tenant have equal rights in this respect. In so far as the market spreads, old prejudices based on dominance and
Australians since the moment the business start they must expect to close the deal as soon as possible, they do not think so much in the future and work in a way to get results straight away. It does not matter for them to meet the person who are negotiate with, that could be one of the reasons why they want everything to be fast. Australian trust words and what have been saying more that it could be written on a paper. As people, which do not think so much in the future, are more capable of assuming and resolving any types of problems.
country and business values. Even the research emphasis on the cultural values, issues related to business that can affect business relations. It also tells about the business styles of Japanese. As compared with Canada it is found that Japanese are collectivists and poly-chronic in nature. Moving on there is no problem related to language as most of the Japanese speak their own native language. In this report it is recommended that Jell-O should do the promotions keeping in mind the family system of Japan. The other main point to be kept in mind before doing business
Japan’s business culture is regarded as one of the unique in the entire world. One of the reason behind their uniqueness is that; Japanese live in long term orientation oriented societies. Japanese see their life as a very short moment in a long history of mankind. They want to do their best in their life time and that is all what they believe in. Japanese live their lives guided by virtues and practical good examples. They all serve the durability of the companies. The idea behind it is that the companies are not here to make money every quarter for the shareholders, but to serve the stake holders and society at large for many generations to come. On the
In this negotiation, we learned that it is important to research your opponent, to understand their culture, not only of their country or backgrounds, but also their company culture. When we are able to understand our opponent’s way of thinking about business and doing business we can then understand how to approach a negotiation situation with them. In this exercise, we learned that it is difficult for us to adjust when it involves breaking or acting in a way opposite of what we are accustomed to. We also learned that although my classmates live in the same country as we do, their upbringings may have similarities to their origin country and will therefore help them to communicate and adjust to that country’s norms and standards. We were surprised how we were able to stay in character although it was hard and it was surprising how people responded when they were unaware of your intentions and strategies. If we had to do this exercise again, what we can do is do more research on our opponents so that we would have an idea of what to expect in the negotiation table.
We will overview the research Salacuse (1998) first. He surveyed international businessmen from all over the world on 10 aspects of negotiation. Many researchers since have borrowed his categories. Then we will look at Volkema (1998), Metcalf et al. (2006), Fisher (1980), Katz (2008), with some additional insight from Thompson (2012). We begin with Salacuse.
Most of the companies in the word have the need to negotiate to obtain the resources they require to produce, transport or sell their services or products. Negotiation is a process that requires two or more parts involve that need something that only the counterpart can offer. Is in that moment when the negotiation begins, so the parties can find a solution that will satisfy the needs they have. In this process, the parties may assume they have different interest that can go against their best interests, based on the impression or stereotype they have of the counterpart. This mistrust may increase when the parties are from different cultures or have different backgrounds, since negotiations are not only between companies from the same country, but also with companies from different countries. An example of this is the negotiations between international companies from American and Asian countries, a situation that is increasing a cause of the globalization. An even though this cultures know that negotiations is a significant component in business, there are differences in how this process is approached by American and Asian cultures.
The stable and intimate economic ties between these member companies, which are independently managed, helps to immune companies from fluctuations in stock market or attempts of takeover. Meanwhile, it facilitated the growth of Japan’s economy in the postwar period. Some even viewed the keiretsu system as one of the explanations of Japan’s booming economy after 1945 (Ozkan, 2008), due to its impact in stabilizing the
Over the past decades, the East Asian countries have experiences massive economic growth for the policy change from protection centred to export promotion. Taiwan, Korea, and Hong Kong would be the good examples of this. According to Krueger (1997), during 1950s and 60s, it was the general consensus that “import substitution” was the basis for the development, however, Asian countries that applied free trade and promoted export has risen rapidly starting from Taiwan, which transformed from a “high-inflation, inner-oriented, aid-dependent economy” to “major exporting economy”(Krueger 1997). Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore followed similar transformation at the same time period as called “East Asian miracle”(WorldBank 1993). Moreover she points out that those who transformed from inner-oriented to export-driven countries has become more resilient to dept crisis than other countries who did not. After 1979’s oil price surge, the huge economic recession attacked global market. In this crisis, countries with higher dept-export ratios could recovered its growth rate faster than those with inner-oriented manufacturing. (Krueger 1997)
“Since World war II, development has been the most important term used to describe economic, social and political changes in what have come to be known as Third world countries” (Zhang, 2003).
The growth of the Asian Economy has had positive structural effects on the Australian Economy. The trade volumes are at record high levels with China and the appreciation of the exchange rates have provided a boost to the economy. There has also been a rise in the resource investment, which has seen a reallocation of factors of production, which has lead to employment growth in these sectors. The focus of the Asian economies is on the production and consumption of goods and the commodity intensive nature of this rise has led to an increase in commodity prices. This has led to an increase in the productive capacity, which supports the exports, employment, incomes, taxes and wealth of the Australian population. The strength of the resource sector has had a positive effects on the exchange rate which when combined with the stable inflation rate has led to a significant increase in wage dollar of the working population (Plumb, Kent, & Bishop, Implications for the Australian Economy of Strong Growth in Asia, 2013).
buyers and sellers.Sellers are Buyers meet in the market so they trade with each other.İn this
Asia Pacific region is the fastest growing economic force in the world, since 1960 the growth rate of economy and population is more than the global average with and estimated population of 3.6 billion. Asia contributes to world’s one half of the population and economy contributes to one third of world’s GDP and more than one quarter of world trade.