Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________
Student Exploration: Drug Dosage
Vocabulary: controlled release, dosage, drug, overdose, target organ
Prior Knowledge Question (Do this BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
Suppose you take aspirin for a headache. What happens after you swallow the pill?
The aspirin starts begins to dissolve by the enzymes and are soaked in while traveling down to the stomach. They then are distributed to the areas that need the pain relief.
Gizmo Warm-up
A drug is a substance that causes changes in how your body functions. When you swallow a pill, the pill dissolves in your digestive system and the drug is absorbed into your bloodstream. Many drugs are designed to
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Calculate: How long does it take for the blood concentration to go from the maximum recommended value to the minimum recommended value? It takes about 4 hours
5. Predict: How often do you think the patient should take a pill? Every 2 to 4 hours
6. Test: Click Reset. Run a simulation with this dosage schedule for at least five pills, and then click Pause. Observe the results of your dosage schedule on the GRAPH tab.
A. What was the maximum blood concentration of the drug? Above 50
B. What was the minimum blood concentration of the drug? 30
C. Based on the graph, was the dosage too high, too low, or just right? Explain.
The dosage was to high for the patient because the chart started going over the regular normal level
7. Record: Click the camera ([pic]) to take a snapshot of your graph, and paste the image in a blank document. You will turn in this document with this worksheet. Label the image with the pill type and dosage schedule.
8. Revise and repeat: Continue to experiment until you have determined the ideal dosage schedule for this patient. Remember, an overdose is more dangerous than an under-dose!
What is the ideal dosage schedule for pill A? About 3 pills
9. Record: Take a
A. How did you do this? __ The person continuously exercised for several hours without resting. The person died from moderate dehydration _
You are the nurse working in an anticoagulation clinic. K.N. is a patient who has a longstanding irregularly irregular heartbeat (atrial fi brillation, or A-fi b) for which he takes the oral anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin). Recently, K.N. had his mitral heart valve replaced with a mechanical valve. You know that there are different PT/INR (prothrombin time/International Normalized Ratio) goal recommendations based on the indication for anticoagulation. (NOTE: PT has now been replaced by or is reported, in most cases, with INR [International Normalized Ratio], an international value that allows for laboratory standardization. PTT is more properly written
When asked, the nurse said she was afraid to question the dose because she didn’t want to look stupid and that others (the doctor and pharmacist) had double checked the dose so it must be ok. “She trusted the other checks”, (pg. 164) not her
Intermediate stability tests will be performed on samples from these batches of capsules at 30°C ± 2°C/65% RH ± 5% RH over a period of 6 months. Accelerated stability tests will be performed on samples from these batches of capsules at 40°C ± 2°C/75% RH ± 5% RH over a period of 6 months. These will also be tested according to the following matrix design.
Number needed to treat for i.v. acetaminophen was 12.3 (7.6–32.3) for nausea and 14.2 (8.3–
Second, the average dose is 10 to 100 more than what a doctor gives you for medical purpose. One of the reasons it is so much
Treatment regime: 5ml /kg every 30minutes for the first 2hours; 5ml/kg/hr for the next 4-10 hours.
Limitations of dispensing without counseling and how it leads to medication error The main aim counseling is to ensure safe and the right use of medication by patients so that they can obtain the required therapeutic benefit from the medication. If this is not done, the patient might not use the medication efficiently which can cause a medication error. Here are some problems of dispensing without counseling that can lead to medication error; How to use the medication and what it is The proper way to dispense a medication is to enlighten the patient on how to use it, which includes how to take (With or without food) and administer.
pill a day. Using that high of a dosage may cause the patient to become addicted. If the patient
According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA 2009), the wrong route of administrating medication accounts for 1.3 million injuries each year. An article published in September issue of the Journal of Patient Safety estimates there are between 210,000 and 400,000 deaths per year associated with medical errors. This makes medical errors the third leading cause of deaths in the United States, behind that comes heart disease and cancer. To prevent medical errors always follow the Three Checks and most importantly the Rights of Medication Administration. The “Rights of Medication Administration” helps to ensure accuracy when administering medication to a patient. When administering medication the administer should ensure they have the Right Medication, Right Patient, Right Dosage, Right Route, Right Time, Right Route, Right Reason, and Right Documentation. Also remember the patient has the right to refuse, assess patient for pain, and always assess the patient for signs of effects.
2000mg/day. If doses >2000mg/day are required, give in 3 divided doses (not to exceed 2500mg/day)
3) What factors should be considered when making decisions about the size of the package (the number of pills to include)? What package size would you recommend?
I then proceeded into a medication assessment. The daily medication regimen and price list is as followed:
b.ii. The dosage will depend on the age, weight, and other health issues of the person.
patients follow directions and be aware of potential interactions with other drugs. Don’t just change your dose without discussing with your doctor first. Never use another persons prescription.